first commit

backend/internal/middleware/rate_limiter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
+)
+
+// RateLimitFailureMode Redis 故障策略
+type RateLimitFailureMode int
+
+const (
+	RateLimitFailOpen RateLimitFailureMode = iota
+	RateLimitFailClose
+)
+
+// RateLimitOptions 限流可选配置
+type RateLimitOptions struct {
+	FailureMode RateLimitFailureMode
+}
+
+var rateLimitScript = redis.NewScript(`
+local current = redis.call('INCR', KEYS[1])
+local ttl = redis.call('PTTL', KEYS[1])
+local repaired = 0
+if current == 1 then
+  redis.call('PEXPIRE', KEYS[1], ARGV[1])
+elseif ttl == -1 then
+  redis.call('PEXPIRE', KEYS[1], ARGV[1])
+  repaired = 1
+end
+return {current, repaired}
+`)
+
+// rateLimitRun 允许测试覆写脚本执行逻辑
+var rateLimitRun = func(ctx context.Context, client *redis.Client, key string, windowMillis int64) (int64, bool, error) {
+	values, err := rateLimitScript.Run(ctx, client, []string{key}, windowMillis).Slice()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false, err
+	}
+	if len(values) < 2 {
+		return 0, false, fmt.Errorf("rate limit script returned %d values", len(values))
+	}
+	count, err := parseInt64(values[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false, err
+	}
+	repaired, err := parseInt64(values[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false, err
+	}
+	return count, repaired == 1, nil
+}
+
+// RateLimiter Redis 速率限制器
+type RateLimiter struct {
+	redis  *redis.Client
+	prefix string
+}
+
+// NewRateLimiter 创建速率限制器实例
+func NewRateLimiter(redisClient *redis.Client) *RateLimiter {
+	return &RateLimiter{
+		redis:  redisClient,
+		prefix: "rate_limit:",
+	}
+}
+
+// Limit 返回速率限制中间件
+// key: 限制类型标识
+// limit: 时间窗口内最大请求数
+// window: 时间窗口
+func (r *RateLimiter) Limit(key string, limit int, window time.Duration) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return r.LimitWithOptions(key, limit, window, RateLimitOptions{})
+}
+
+// LimitWithOptions 返回速率限制中间件（带可选配置）
+func (r *RateLimiter) LimitWithOptions(key string, limit int, window time.Duration, opts RateLimitOptions) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	failureMode := opts.FailureMode
+	if failureMode != RateLimitFailClose {
+		failureMode = RateLimitFailOpen
+	}
+
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		ip := c.ClientIP()
+		redisKey := r.prefix + key + ":" + ip
+
+		ctx := c.Request.Context()
+
+		windowMillis := windowTTLMillis(window)
+
+		// 使用 Lua 脚本原子操作增加计数并设置过期
+		count, repaired, err := rateLimitRun(ctx, r.redis, redisKey, windowMillis)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[RateLimit] redis error: key=%s mode=%s err=%v", redisKey, failureModeLabel(failureMode), err)
+			if failureMode == RateLimitFailClose {
+				abortRateLimit(c)
+				return
+			}
+			// Redis 错误时放行，避免影响正常服务
+			c.Next()
+			return
+		}
+		if repaired {
+			log.Printf("[RateLimit] ttl repaired: key=%s window_ms=%d", redisKey, windowMillis)
+		}
+
+		// 超过限制
+		if count > int64(limit) {
+			abortRateLimit(c)
+			return
+		}
+
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+func windowTTLMillis(window time.Duration) int64 {
+	ttl := window.Milliseconds()
+	if ttl < 1 {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return ttl
+}
+
+func abortRateLimit(c *gin.Context) {
+	c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusTooManyRequests, gin.H{
+		"error":   "rate limit exceeded",
+		"message": "Too many requests, please try again later",
+	})
+}
+
+func failureModeLabel(mode RateLimitFailureMode) string {
+	if mode == RateLimitFailClose {
+		return "fail-close"
+	}
+	return "fail-open"
+}
+
+func parseInt64(value any) (int64, error) {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case int64:
+		return v, nil
+	case int:
+		return int64(v), nil
+	case string:
+		parsed, err := strconv.ParseInt(v, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		return parsed, nil
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected value type %T", value)
+	}
+}