diff --git a/backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go b/backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go
index e5bc93ca..bb2fb8c0 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go
@@ -538,6 +538,9 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) testOpenAIAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+			s.reconcileOpenAI429State(ctx, account, resp.Header, body)
+		}
 		// 401 Unauthorized: 标记账号为永久错误
 		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized && s.accountRepo != nil {
 			errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Authentication failed (401): %s", string(body))
@@ -550,6 +553,39 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) testOpenAIAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account
 	return s.processOpenAIStream(c, resp.Body)
 }
 
+func (s *AccountTestService) reconcileOpenAI429State(ctx context.Context, account *Account, headers http.Header, body []byte) {
+	if s == nil || s.accountRepo == nil || account == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var resetAt *time.Time
+	if calculated := calculateOpenAI429ResetTime(headers); calculated != nil {
+		resetAt = calculated
+	} else if unixTs := parseOpenAIRateLimitResetTime(body); unixTs != nil {
+		t := time.Unix(*unixTs, 0)
+		resetAt = &t
+	}
+	if resetAt == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(ctx, account.ID, *resetAt); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	account.RateLimitedAt = &now
+	account.RateLimitResetAt = resetAt
+
+	if account.Status == StatusError {
+		if err := s.accountRepo.ClearError(ctx, account.ID); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		account.Status = StatusActive
+		account.ErrorMessage = ""
+	}
+}
+
 // testGeminiAccountConnection tests a Gemini account's connection
 func (s *AccountTestService) testGeminiAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID string, prompt string) error {
 	ctx := c.Request.Context()
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/account_test_service_openai_test.go b/backend/internal/service/account_test_service_openai_test.go
index 82ff0a8b..213ef52c 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_test_service_openai_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_test_service_openai_test.go
@@ -61,9 +61,10 @@ func newTestContext() (*gin.Context, *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
 
 type openAIAccountTestRepo struct {
 	mockAccountRepoForGemini
-	updatedExtra  map[string]any
+	updatedExtra map[string]any
 	rateLimitedID int64
 	rateLimitedAt *time.Time
+	clearedErrorID int64
 }
 
 func (r *openAIAccountTestRepo) UpdateExtra(_ context.Context, _ int64, updates map[string]any) error {
@@ -77,6 +78,11 @@ func (r *openAIAccountTestRepo) SetRateLimited(_ context.Context, id int64, rese
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (r *openAIAccountTestRepo) ClearError(_ context.Context, id int64) error {
+	r.clearedErrorID = id
+	return nil
+}
+
 func TestAccountTestService_OpenAISuccessPersistsSnapshotFromHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	ctx, recorder := newTestContext()
@@ -111,11 +117,11 @@ func TestAccountTestService_OpenAISuccessPersistsSnapshotFromHeaders(t *testing.
 	require.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "test_complete")
 }
 
-func TestAccountTestService_OpenAI429PersistsSnapshotWithoutRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAccountTestService_OpenAI429PersistsSnapshotAndRateLimitState(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	ctx, _ := newTestContext()
 
-	resp := newJSONResponse(http.StatusTooManyRequests, `{"error":{"type":"usage_limit_reached","message":"limit reached"}}`)
+	resp := newJSONResponse(http.StatusTooManyRequests, `{"error":{"type":"usage_limit_reached","message":"limit reached","resets_at":1777283883}}`)
 	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-primary-used-percent", "100")
 	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-primary-reset-after-seconds", "604800")
 	resp.Header.Set("x-codex-primary-window-minutes", "10080")
@@ -130,6 +136,7 @@ func TestAccountTestService_OpenAI429PersistsSnapshotWithoutRateLimit(t *testing
 		ID:          88,
 		Platform:    PlatformOpenAI,
 		Type:        AccountTypeOAuth,
+		Status:      StatusError,
 		Concurrency: 1,
 		Credentials: map[string]any{"access_token": "test-token"},
 	}
@@ -138,7 +145,7 @@ func TestAccountTestService_OpenAI429PersistsSnapshotWithoutRateLimit(t *testing
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, repo.updatedExtra)
 	require.Equal(t, 100.0, repo.updatedExtra["codex_5h_used_percent"])
-	require.Zero(t, repo.rateLimitedID)
-	require.Nil(t, repo.rateLimitedAt)
-	require.Nil(t, account.RateLimitResetAt)
+	require.Equal(t, account.ID, repo.rateLimitedID)
+	require.NotNil(t, repo.rateLimitedAt)
+	require.Equal(t, account.ID, repo.clearedErrorID)
 }
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/ratelimit_service.go b/backend/internal/service/ratelimit_service.go
index 4730303f..9344de47 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/ratelimit_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/ratelimit_service.go
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ func (s *RateLimitService) handle429(ctx context.Context, account *Account, head
 
 // calculateOpenAI429ResetTime 从 OpenAI 429 响应头计算正确的重置时间
 // 返回 nil 表示无法从响应头中确定重置时间
-func (s *RateLimitService) calculateOpenAI429ResetTime(headers http.Header) *time.Time {
+func calculateOpenAI429ResetTime(headers http.Header) *time.Time {
 	snapshot := ParseCodexRateLimitHeaders(headers)
 	if snapshot == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -977,6 +977,10 @@ func (s *RateLimitService) calculateOpenAI429ResetTime(headers http.Header) *tim
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *RateLimitService) calculateOpenAI429ResetTime(headers http.Header) *time.Time {
+	return calculateOpenAI429ResetTime(headers)
+}
+
 // anthropic429Result holds the parsed Anthropic 429 rate-limit information.
 type anthropic429Result struct {
 	resetAt       time.Time  // The correct reset time to use for SetRateLimited