fix(frontend): comprehensive i18n cleanup and Select component hardening

backend/internal/handler/gateway_handler.go

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 	// 2. 【新增】Wait后二次检查余额/订阅
 	if err := h.billingCacheService.CheckBillingEligibility(c.Request.Context(), apiKey.User, apiKey, apiKey.Group, subscription); err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Billing eligibility check failed after wait: %v", err)
-		h.handleStreamingAwareError(c, http.StatusForbidden, "billing_error", err.Error(), streamStarted)
+		h.handleStreamingAwareError(c, http.StatusForbidden, "permission_error", "Insufficient balance or active subscription required", streamStarted)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -156,8 +156,9 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 		for {
 			selection, err := h.gatewayService.SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(c.Request.Context(), apiKey.GroupID, sessionKey, reqModel, failedAccountIDs)
 			if err != nil {
+				log.Printf("Select account failed: %v", err)
 				if len(failedAccountIDs) == 0 {
-					h.handleStreamingAwareError(c, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "api_error", "No available accounts: "+err.Error(), streamStarted)
+					h.handleStreamingAwareError(c, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "api_error", "No available accounts for requested model", streamStarted)
 					return
 				}
 				h.handleFailoverExhausted(c, lastFailoverStatus, streamStarted)
@@ -280,8 +281,9 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 		// 选择支持该模型的账号
 		selection, err := h.gatewayService.SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(c.Request.Context(), apiKey.GroupID, sessionKey, reqModel, failedAccountIDs)
 		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("Select account failed: %v", err)
 			if len(failedAccountIDs) == 0 {
-				h.handleStreamingAwareError(c, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "api_error", "No available accounts: "+err.Error(), streamStarted)
+				h.handleStreamingAwareError(c, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "api_error", "No available accounts for requested model", streamStarted)
 				return
 			}
 			h.handleFailoverExhausted(c, lastFailoverStatus, streamStarted)
@@ -566,32 +568,68 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) handleFailoverExhausted(c *gin.Context, statusCode int,
 func (h *GatewayHandler) mapUpstreamError(statusCode int) (int, string, string) {
 	switch statusCode {
 	case 401:
-		return http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream_error", "Upstream authentication failed, please contact administrator"
+		return http.StatusBadGateway, "api_error", "Upstream authentication failed, please contact administrator"
 	case 403:
-		return http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream_error", "Upstream access forbidden, please contact administrator"
+		return http.StatusBadGateway, "api_error", "Upstream access forbidden, please contact administrator"
 	case 429:
 		return http.StatusTooManyRequests, "rate_limit_error", "Upstream rate limit exceeded, please retry later"
 	case 529:
 		return http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "overloaded_error", "Upstream service overloaded, please retry later"
 	case 500, 502, 503, 504:
-		return http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream_error", "Upstream service temporarily unavailable"
+		return http.StatusBadGateway, "api_error", "Upstream service temporarily unavailable"
 	default:
-		return http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream_error", "Upstream request failed"
+		return http.StatusBadGateway, "api_error", "Upstream request failed"
 	}
 }
 
+func normalizeAnthropicErrorType(errType string) string {
+	switch errType {
+	case "invalid_request_error",
+		"authentication_error",
+		"permission_error",
+		"not_found_error",
+		"rate_limit_error",
+		"api_error",
+		"overloaded_error":
+		return errType
+	case "billing_error":
+		// Not an Anthropic-standard error type; map to the closest equivalent.
+		return "permission_error"
+	case "upstream_error":
+		// Not an Anthropic-standard error type; keep clients compatible.
+		return "api_error"
+	default:
+		return "api_error"
+	}
+}
+
+const maxPublicErrorMessageLen = 512
+
+func sanitizePublicErrorMessage(message string) string {
+	cleaned := strings.TrimSpace(message)
+	cleaned = strings.ReplaceAll(cleaned, "\r", " ")
+	cleaned = strings.ReplaceAll(cleaned, "\n", " ")
+	if len(cleaned) > maxPublicErrorMessageLen {
+		cleaned = cleaned[:maxPublicErrorMessageLen] + "..."
+	}
+	return cleaned
+}
+
 // handleStreamingAwareError handles errors that may occur after streaming has started
 func (h *GatewayHandler) handleStreamingAwareError(c *gin.Context, status int, errType, message string, streamStarted bool) {
+	normalizedType := normalizeAnthropicErrorType(errType)
+	publicMessage := sanitizePublicErrorMessage(message)
+
 	if streamStarted {
 		// Stream already started, send error as SSE event then close
 		flusher, ok := c.Writer.(http.Flusher)
 		if ok {
-			// Send error event in SSE format with proper JSON marshaling
+			// Anthropic streaming spec: send `event: error` with JSON `data`.
 			errorData := map[string]any{
 				"type": "error",
 				"error": map[string]string{
-					"type":    errType,
+					"type":    normalizedType,
-					"message": message,
+					"message": publicMessage,
 				},
 			}
 			jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(errorData)
@@ -599,8 +637,11 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) handleStreamingAwareError(c *gin.Context, status int, e
 				_ = c.Error(err)
 				return
 			}
-			errorEvent := fmt.Sprintf("data: %s\n\n", string(jsonBytes))
+			if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(c.Writer, "event: error\n"); err != nil {
-			if _, err := fmt.Fprint(c.Writer, errorEvent); err != nil {
+				_ = c.Error(err)
+				return
+			}
+			if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(c.Writer, "data: %s\n\n", string(jsonBytes)); err != nil {
 				_ = c.Error(err)
 			}
 			flusher.Flush()
@@ -609,16 +650,19 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) handleStreamingAwareError(c *gin.Context, status int, e
 	}
 
 	// Normal case: return JSON response with proper status code
-	h.errorResponse(c, status, errType, message)
+	h.errorResponse(c, status, normalizedType, publicMessage)
 }
 
 // errorResponse 返回Claude API格式的错误响应
 func (h *GatewayHandler) errorResponse(c *gin.Context, status int, errType, message string) {
+	normalizedType := normalizeAnthropicErrorType(errType)
+	publicMessage := sanitizePublicErrorMessage(message)
+
 	c.JSON(status, gin.H{
 		"type": "error",
 		"error": gin.H{
-			"type":    errType,
+			"type":    normalizedType,
-			"message": message,
+			"message": publicMessage,
 		},
 	})
 }
@@ -674,7 +718,8 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) CountTokens(c *gin.Context) {
 	// 校验 billing eligibility（订阅/余额）
 	// 【注意】不计算并发，但需要校验订阅/余额
 	if err := h.billingCacheService.CheckBillingEligibility(c.Request.Context(), apiKey.User, apiKey, apiKey.Group, subscription); err != nil {
-		h.errorResponse(c, http.StatusForbidden, "billing_error", err.Error())
+		log.Printf("Billing eligibility check failed: %v", err)
+		h.errorResponse(c, http.StatusForbidden, "permission_error", "Insufficient balance or active subscription required")
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -684,7 +729,8 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) CountTokens(c *gin.Context) {
 	// 选择支持该模型的账号
 	account, err := h.gatewayService.SelectAccountForModel(c.Request.Context(), apiKey.GroupID, sessionHash, parsedReq.Model)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.errorResponse(c, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "api_error", "No available accounts: "+err.Error())
+		log.Printf("Select account failed: %v", err)
+		h.errorResponse(c, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "api_error", "No available accounts for requested model")
 		return
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go

@@ -929,8 +929,16 @@ func (s *GatewayService) getOAuthToken(ctx context.Context, account *Account) (s
 
 // 重试相关常量
 const (
-	maxRetries = 10              // 最大重试次数
+	// 最大尝试次数（包含首次请求）。过多重试会导致请求堆积与资源耗尽。
-	retryDelay = 3 * time.Second // 重试等待时间
+	maxRetryAttempts = 5
+
+	// 指数退避：第 N 次失败后的等待 = retryBaseDelay * 2^(N-1)，并且上限为 retryMaxDelay。
+	retryBaseDelay = 300 * time.Millisecond
+	retryMaxDelay  = 3 * time.Second
+
+	// 最大重试耗时（包含请求本身耗时 + 退避等待时间）。
+	// 用于防止极端情况下 goroutine 长时间堆积导致资源耗尽。
+	maxRetryElapsed = 10 * time.Second
 )
 
 func (s *GatewayService) shouldRetryUpstreamError(account *Account, statusCode int) bool {
@@ -953,6 +961,40 @@ func (s *GatewayService) shouldFailoverUpstreamError(statusCode int) bool {
 	}
 }
 
+func retryBackoffDelay(attempt int) time.Duration {
+	// attempt 从 1 开始，表示第 attempt 次请求刚失败，需要等待后进行第 attempt+1 次请求。
+	if attempt <= 0 {
+		return retryBaseDelay
+	}
+	delay := retryBaseDelay * time.Duration(1<<(attempt-1))
+	if delay > retryMaxDelay {
+		return retryMaxDelay
+	}
+	return delay
+}
+
+func sleepWithContext(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) error {
+	if d <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	timer := time.NewTimer(d)
+	defer func() {
+		if !timer.Stop() {
+			select {
+			case <-timer.C:
+			default:
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 // isClaudeCodeClient 判断请求是否来自 Claude Code 客户端
 // 简化判断：User-Agent 匹配 + metadata.user_id 存在
 func isClaudeCodeClient(userAgent string, metadataUserID string) bool {
@@ -1069,7 +1111,8 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 
 	// 重试循环
 	var resp *http.Response
-	for attempt := 1; attempt <= maxRetries; attempt++ {
+	retryStart := time.Now()
+	for attempt := 1; attempt <= maxRetryAttempts; attempt++ {
 		// 构建上游请求（每次重试需要重新构建，因为请求体需要重新读取）
 		upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequest(ctx, c, account, body, token, tokenType, reqModel)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -1079,6 +1122,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 		// 发送请求
 		resp, err = s.httpUpstream.Do(upstreamReq, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency)
 		if err != nil {
+			if resp != nil && resp.Body != nil {
+				_ = resp.Body.Close()
+			}
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("upstream request failed: %w", err)
 		}
 
@@ -1089,6 +1135,11 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 				_ = resp.Body.Close()
 
 				if s.isThinkingBlockSignatureError(respBody) {
+					// 避免在重试预算已耗尽时再发起额外请求
+					if time.Since(retryStart) >= maxRetryElapsed {
+						resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(respBody))
+						break
+					}
 					log.Printf("Account %d: detected thinking block signature error, retrying with filtered thinking blocks", account.ID)
 
 					// 过滤thinking blocks并重试（使用更激进的过滤）
@@ -1121,11 +1172,27 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 
 		// 检查是否需要通用重试（排除400，因为400已经在上面特殊处理过了）
 		if resp.StatusCode >= 400 && resp.StatusCode != 400 && s.shouldRetryUpstreamError(account, resp.StatusCode) {
-			if attempt < maxRetries {
+			if attempt < maxRetryAttempts {
-				log.Printf("Account %d: upstream error %d, retry %d/%d after %v",
+				elapsed := time.Since(retryStart)
-					account.ID, resp.StatusCode, attempt, maxRetries, retryDelay)
+				if elapsed >= maxRetryElapsed {
+					break
+				}
+
+				delay := retryBackoffDelay(attempt)
+				remaining := maxRetryElapsed - elapsed
+				if delay > remaining {
+					delay = remaining
+				}
+				if delay <= 0 {
+					break
+				}
+
+				log.Printf("Account %d: upstream error %d, retry %d/%d after %v (elapsed=%v/%v)",
+					account.ID, resp.StatusCode, attempt, maxRetryAttempts, delay, elapsed, maxRetryElapsed)
 				_ = resp.Body.Close()
-				time.Sleep(retryDelay)
+				if err := sleepWithContext(ctx, delay); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
 				continue
 			}
 			// 最后一次尝试也失败，跳出循环处理重试耗尽
@@ -1142,6 +1209,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 		}
 		break
 	}
+	if resp == nil || resp.Body == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("upstream request failed: empty response")
+	}
 	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
 	// 处理重试耗尽的情况

frontend/src/components/common/GroupSelector.vue

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <template>
   <div>
     <label class="input-label">
-      Groups
+      {{ t('admin.users.groups') }}
-      <span class="font-normal text-gray-400">({{ modelValue.length }} selected)</span>
+      <span class="font-normal text-gray-400">{{ t('common.selectedCount', { count: modelValue.length }) }}</span>
     </label>
     <div
       class="grid max-h-32 grid-cols-2 gap-1 overflow-y-auto rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 p-2 dark:border-dark-600 dark:bg-dark-800"
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
         v-if="filteredGroups.length === 0"
         class="col-span-2 py-2 text-center text-sm text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400"
       >
-        No groups available
+        {{ t('common.noGroupsAvailable') }}
       </div>
     </div>
   </div>

frontend/src/components/common/Select.vue

@@ -1,15 +1,21 @@
 <template>
   <div class="relative" ref="containerRef">
     <button
+      ref="triggerRef"
       type="button"
       @click="toggle"
       :disabled="disabled"
+      :aria-expanded="isOpen"
+      :aria-haspopup="true"
+      aria-label="Select option"
       :class="[
         'select-trigger',
         isOpen && 'select-trigger-open',
         error && 'select-trigger-error',
         disabled && 'select-trigger-disabled'
       ]"
+      @keydown.down.prevent="onTriggerKeyDown"
+      @keydown.up.prevent="onTriggerKeyDown"
     >
       <span class="select-value">
         <slot name="selected" :option="selectedOption">
@@ -29,16 +35,19 @@
       </span>
     </button>
 
-    <!-- Teleport dropdown to body to escape stacking context (for driver.js overlay compatibility) -->
+    <!-- Teleport dropdown to body to escape stacking context -->
     <Teleport to="body">
       <Transition name="select-dropdown">
         <div
           v-if="isOpen"
           ref="dropdownRef"
           class="select-dropdown-portal"
+          :class="[instanceId]"
           :style="dropdownStyle"
+          role="listbox"
           @click.stop
           @mousedown.stop
+          @keydown="onDropdownKeyDown"
         >
           <!-- Search input -->
           <div v-if="searchable" class="select-search">
@@ -66,12 +75,21 @@
           </div>
 
           <!-- Options list -->
-          <div class="select-options">
+          <div class="select-options" ref="optionsListRef">
             <div
-              v-for="option in filteredOptions"
+              v-for="(option, index) in filteredOptions"
               :key="`${typeof getOptionValue(option)}:${String(getOptionValue(option) ?? '')}`"
-              @click.stop="selectOption(option)"
+              role="option"
-              :class="['select-option', isSelected(option) && 'select-option-selected']"
+              :aria-selected="isSelected(option)"
+              :aria-disabled="isOptionDisabled(option)"
+              @click.stop="!isOptionDisabled(option) && selectOption(option)"
+              @mouseenter="focusedIndex = index"
+              :class="[
+                'select-option',
+                isSelected(option) && 'select-option-selected',
+                isOptionDisabled(option) && 'select-option-disabled',
+                focusedIndex === index && 'select-option-focused'
+              ]"
             >
               <slot name="option" :option="option" :selected="isSelected(option)">
                 <span class="select-option-label">{{ getOptionLabel(option) }}</span>
@@ -105,6 +123,9 @@ import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
+// Instance ID for unique click-outside detection
+const instanceId = `select-${Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 9)}`
+
 export interface SelectOption {
   value: string | number | boolean | null
   label: string
@@ -138,23 +159,24 @@ const props = withDefaults(defineProps<Props>(), {
   labelKey: 'label'
 })
 
-// Use computed for i18n default values
-const placeholderText = computed(() => props.placeholder ?? t('common.selectOption'))
-const searchPlaceholderText = computed(
-  () => props.searchPlaceholder ?? t('common.searchPlaceholder')
-)
-const emptyTextDisplay = computed(() => props.emptyText ?? t('common.noOptionsFound'))
-
 const emit = defineEmits<Emits>()
 
 const isOpen = ref(false)
 const searchQuery = ref('')
+const focusedIndex = ref(-1)
 const containerRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
+const triggerRef = ref<HTMLButtonElement | null>(null)
 const searchInputRef = ref<HTMLInputElement | null>(null)
 const dropdownRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
+const optionsListRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
 const dropdownPosition = ref<'bottom' | 'top'>('bottom')
 const triggerRect = ref<DOMRect | null>(null)
 
+// i18n placeholders
+const placeholderText = computed(() => props.placeholder ?? t('common.selectOption'))
+const searchPlaceholderText = computed(() => props.searchPlaceholder ?? t('common.searchPlaceholder'))
+const emptyTextDisplay = computed(() => props.emptyText ?? t('common.noOptionsFound'))
+
 // Computed style for teleported dropdown
 const dropdownStyle = computed(() => {
   if (!triggerRect.value) return {}
@@ -164,34 +186,39 @@ const dropdownStyle = computed(() => {
     position: 'fixed',
     left: `${rect.left}px`,
     minWidth: `${rect.width}px`,
-    zIndex: '100000020' // Higher than driver.js overlay (99999998)
+    zIndex: '100000020'
   }
 
   if (dropdownPosition.value === 'top') {
-    style.bottom = `${window.innerHeight - rect.top + 8}px`
+    style.bottom = `${window.innerHeight - rect.top + 4}px`
   } else {
-    style.top = `${rect.bottom + 8}px`
+    style.top = `${rect.bottom + 4}px`
   }
 
   return style
 })
 
-const getOptionValue = (
+const getOptionValue = (option: any): any => {
-  option: SelectOption | Record<string, unknown>
-): string | number | boolean | null | undefined => {
   if (typeof option === 'object' && option !== null) {
-    return option[props.valueKey] as string | number | boolean | null | undefined
+    return option[props.valueKey]
   }
-  return option as string | number | boolean | null
+  return option
 }
 
-const getOptionLabel = (option: SelectOption | Record<string, unknown>): string => {
+const getOptionLabel = (option: any): string => {
   if (typeof option === 'object' && option !== null) {
     return String(option[props.labelKey] ?? '')
   }
   return String(option ?? '')
 }
 
+const isOptionDisabled = (option: any): boolean => {
+  if (typeof option === 'object' && option !== null) {
+    return !!option.disabled
+  }
+  return false
+}
+
 const selectedOption = computed(() => {
   return props.options.find((opt) => getOptionValue(opt) === props.modelValue) || null
 })
@@ -204,36 +231,35 @@ const selectedLabel = computed(() => {
 })
 
 const filteredOptions = computed(() => {
-  if (!props.searchable || !searchQuery.value) {
+  let opts = props.options as any[]
-    return props.options
+  if (props.searchable && searchQuery.value) {
+    const query = searchQuery.value.toLowerCase()
+    opts = opts.filter((opt) => getOptionLabel(opt).toLowerCase().includes(query))
   }
-  const query = searchQuery.value.toLowerCase()
+  return opts
-  return props.options.filter((opt) => {
-    const label = getOptionLabel(opt).toLowerCase()
-    return label.includes(query)
-  })
 })
 
-const isSelected = (option: SelectOption | Record<string, unknown>): boolean => {
+const isSelected = (option: any): boolean => {
   return getOptionValue(option) === props.modelValue
 }
 
+// Update trigger rect periodically while open to follow scroll/resize
+const updateTriggerRect = () => {
+  if (containerRef.value) {
+    triggerRect.value = containerRef.value.getBoundingClientRect()
+  }
+}
+
 const calculateDropdownPosition = () => {
   if (!containerRef.value) return
-
+  updateTriggerRect()
-  // Update trigger rect for positioning
-  triggerRect.value = containerRef.value.getBoundingClientRect()
 
   nextTick(() => {
-    if (!containerRef.value || !dropdownRef.value) return
+    if (!dropdownRef.value || !triggerRect.value) return
+    const dropdownHeight = dropdownRef.value.offsetHeight || 240
+    const spaceBelow = window.innerHeight - triggerRect.value.bottom
+    const spaceAbove = triggerRect.value.top
 
-    const rect = triggerRect.value!
-    const dropdownHeight = dropdownRef.value.offsetHeight || 240 // Max height fallback
-    const viewportHeight = window.innerHeight
-    const spaceBelow = viewportHeight - rect.bottom
-    const spaceAbove = rect.top
-
-    // If not enough space below but enough space above, show dropdown on top
     if (spaceBelow < dropdownHeight && spaceAbove > dropdownHeight) {
       dropdownPosition.value = 'top'
     } else {
@@ -245,63 +271,108 @@ const calculateDropdownPosition = () => {
 const toggle = () => {
   if (props.disabled) return
   isOpen.value = !isOpen.value
-  if (isOpen.value) {
+}
+
+watch(isOpen, (open) => {
+  if (open) {
     calculateDropdownPosition()
+    // Reset focused index to current selection or first item
+    const selectedIdx = filteredOptions.value.findIndex(isSelected)
+    focusedIndex.value = selectedIdx >= 0 ? selectedIdx : 0
+
     if (props.searchable) {
-      nextTick(() => {
+      nextTick(() => searchInputRef.value?.focus())
-        searchInputRef.value?.focus()
-      })
     }
+    // Add scroll listener to update position
+    window.addEventListener('scroll', updateTriggerRect, { capture: true, passive: true })
+    window.addEventListener('resize', calculateDropdownPosition)
+  } else {
+    searchQuery.value = ''
+    focusedIndex.value = -1
+    window.removeEventListener('scroll', updateTriggerRect, { capture: true })
+    window.removeEventListener('resize', calculateDropdownPosition)
+  }
+})
+
+const selectOption = (option: any) => {
+  const value = getOptionValue(option) ?? null
+  emit('update:modelValue', value)
+  emit('change', value, option)
+  isOpen.value = false
+  triggerRef.value?.focus()
+}
+
+// Keyboards
+const onTriggerKeyDown = () => {
+  if (!isOpen.value) {
+    isOpen.value = true
   }
 }
 
-const selectOption = (option: SelectOption | Record<string, unknown>) => {
+const onDropdownKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
-  const value = getOptionValue(option) ?? null
+  switch (e.key) {
-  emit('update:modelValue', value)
+    case 'ArrowDown':
-  emit('change', value, option as SelectOption)
+      e.preventDefault()
-  isOpen.value = false
+      focusedIndex.value = (focusedIndex.value + 1) % filteredOptions.value.length
-  searchQuery.value = ''
+      scrollToFocused()
+      break
+    case 'ArrowUp':
+      e.preventDefault()
+      focusedIndex.value = (focusedIndex.value - 1 + filteredOptions.value.length) % filteredOptions.value.length
+      scrollToFocused()
+      break
+    case 'Enter':
+      e.preventDefault()
+      if (focusedIndex.value >= 0 && focusedIndex.value < filteredOptions.value.length) {
+        const opt = filteredOptions.value[focusedIndex.value]
+        if (!isOptionDisabled(opt)) selectOption(opt)
+      }
+      break
+    case 'Escape':
+      e.preventDefault()
+      isOpen.value = false
+      triggerRef.value?.focus()
+      break
+    case 'Tab':
+      isOpen.value = false
+      break
+  }
+}
+
+const scrollToFocused = () => {
+  nextTick(() => {
+    const list = optionsListRef.value
+    if (!list) return
+    const focusedEl = list.children[focusedIndex.value] as HTMLElement
+    if (!focusedEl) return
+
+    if (focusedEl.offsetTop < list.scrollTop) {
+      list.scrollTop = focusedEl.offsetTop
+    } else if (focusedEl.offsetTop + focusedEl.offsetHeight > list.scrollTop + list.offsetHeight) {
+      list.scrollTop = focusedEl.offsetTop + focusedEl.offsetHeight - list.offsetHeight
+    }
+  })
 }
 
 const handleClickOutside = (event: MouseEvent) => {
   const target = event.target as HTMLElement
+  // Check if click is inside THIS specific instance's dropdown or trigger
+  const isInDropdown = !!target.closest(`.${instanceId}`)
+  const isInTrigger = containerRef.value?.contains(target)
 
-  // 使用 closest 检查点击是否在下拉菜单内部（更可靠，不依赖 ref）
+  if (!isInDropdown && !isInTrigger && isOpen.value) {
-  if (target.closest('.select-dropdown-portal')) {
-    return // 点击在下拉菜单内，不关闭
-  }
-
-  // 检查是否点击在触发器内
-  if (containerRef.value && containerRef.value.contains(target)) {
-    return // 点击在触发器内，让 toggle 处理
-  }
-
-  // 点击在外部，关闭下拉菜单
-  isOpen.value = false
-  searchQuery.value = ''
-}
-
-const handleEscape = (event: KeyboardEvent) => {
-  if (event.key === 'Escape' && isOpen.value) {
     isOpen.value = false
-    searchQuery.value = ''
   }
 }
 
-watch(isOpen, (open) => {
-  if (!open) {
-    searchQuery.value = ''
-  }
-})
-
 onMounted(() => {
   document.addEventListener('click', handleClickOutside)
-  document.addEventListener('keydown', handleEscape)
 })
 
 onUnmounted(() => {
   document.removeEventListener('click', handleClickOutside)
-  document.removeEventListener('keydown', handleEscape)
+  window.removeEventListener('scroll', updateTriggerRect, { capture: true })
+  window.removeEventListener('resize', calculateDropdownPosition)
 })
 </script>
 
@@ -339,16 +410,14 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
 }
 </style>
 
-<!-- Global styles for teleported dropdown -->
 <style>
 .select-dropdown-portal {
-  @apply w-max max-w-[300px];
+  @apply w-max min-w-[160px] max-w-[320px];
   @apply bg-white dark:bg-dark-800;
   @apply rounded-xl;
   @apply border border-gray-200 dark:border-dark-700;
   @apply shadow-lg shadow-black/10 dark:shadow-black/30;
   @apply overflow-hidden;
-  /* 确保下拉菜单在引导期间可点击（覆盖 driver.js 的 pointer-events 影响） */
   pointer-events: auto !important;
 }
 
@@ -365,7 +434,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
 }
 
 .select-dropdown-portal .select-options {
-  @apply max-h-60 overflow-y-auto py-1;
+  @apply max-h-60 overflow-y-auto py-1 outline-none;
 }
 
 .select-dropdown-portal .select-option {
@@ -374,7 +443,6 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   @apply text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300;
   @apply cursor-pointer transition-colors duration-150;
   @apply hover:bg-gray-50 dark:hover:bg-dark-700;
-  /* 确保选项在引导期间可点击 */
   pointer-events: auto !important;
 }
 
@@ -383,6 +451,14 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   @apply text-primary-700 dark:text-primary-300;
 }
 
+.select-dropdown-portal .select-option-focused {
+  @apply bg-gray-100 dark:bg-dark-700;
+}
+
+.select-dropdown-portal .select-option-disabled {
+  @apply cursor-not-allowed opacity-40;
+}
+
 .select-dropdown-portal .select-option-label {
   @apply flex-1 min-w-0 truncate text-left;
 }
@@ -392,7 +468,6 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   @apply text-gray-500 dark:text-dark-400;
 }
 
-/* Dropdown animation */
 .select-dropdown-enter-active,
 .select-dropdown-leave-active {
   transition: all 0.2s ease;
@@ -403,4 +478,4 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   opacity: 0;
   transform: translateY(-8px);
 }
-</style>
+</style>

frontend/src/composables/useClipboard.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import { ref } from 'vue'
 import { useAppStore } from '@/stores/app'
+import { i18n } from '@/i18n'
+
+const { t } = i18n.global
 
 /**
  * 检测是否支持 Clipboard API（需要安全上下文：HTTPS/localhost）
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ export function useClipboard() {
 
   const copyToClipboard = async (
     text: string,
-    successMessage = 'Copied to clipboard'
+    successMessage?: string
   ): Promise<boolean> => {
     if (!text) return false
 
@@ -50,12 +53,12 @@ export function useClipboard() {
 
     if (success) {
       copied.value = true
-      appStore.showSuccess(successMessage)
+      appStore.showSuccess(successMessage || t('common.copiedToClipboard'))
       setTimeout(() => {
         copied.value = false
       }, 2000)
     } else {
-      appStore.showError('Copy failed')
+      appStore.showError(t('common.copyFailed'))
     }
 
     return success

frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts

@@ -145,11 +145,13 @@ export default {
     copiedToClipboard: 'Copied to clipboard',
     copyFailed: 'Failed to copy',
     contactSupport: 'Contact Support',
-    selectOption: 'Select an option',
+        selectOption: 'Select an option',
-    searchPlaceholder: 'Search...',
+        searchPlaceholder: 'Search...', 
-    noOptionsFound: 'No options found',
+        noOptionsFound: 'No options found',
-    saving: 'Saving...',
+        noGroupsAvailable: 'No groups available',
-    refresh: 'Refresh',
+        unknownError: 'Unknown error occurred',
+        saving: 'Saving...', 
+        selectedCount: '({count} selected)',    refresh: 'Refresh',
     notAvailable: 'N/A',
     now: 'Now',
     unknown: 'Unknown',
@@ -687,6 +689,10 @@ export default {
       failedToWithdraw: 'Failed to withdraw',
       useDepositWithdrawButtons: 'Please use deposit/withdraw buttons to adjust balance',
       insufficientBalance: 'Insufficient balance, balance cannot be negative after withdrawal',
+      roles: {
+        admin: 'Admin',
+        user: 'User'
+      },
       // Settings Dropdowns
       filterSettings: 'Filter Settings',
       columnSettings: 'Column Settings',

frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts

@@ -145,7 +145,10 @@ export default {
     selectOption: '请选择',
     searchPlaceholder: '搜索...',
     noOptionsFound: '无匹配选项',
+    noGroupsAvailable: '无可用分组',
+    unknownError: '发生未知错误',
     saving: '保存中...',
+    selectedCount: '（已选 {count} 个）',
     refresh: '刷新',
     notAvailable: '不可用',
     now: '现在',
@@ -679,10 +682,6 @@ export default {
         admin: '管理员',
         user: '用户'
       },
-      statuses: {
-        active: '正常',
-        banned: '禁用'
-      },
       form: {
         emailLabel: '邮箱',
         emailPlaceholder: '请输入邮箱',

frontend/src/utils/format.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * 参考 CRS 项目的 format.js 实现
  */
 
-import { i18n } from '@/i18n'
+import { i18n, getLocale } from '@/i18n'
 
 /**
  * 格式化相对时间
@@ -39,33 +39,39 @@ export function formatRelativeTime(date: string | Date | null | undefined): stri
 export function formatNumber(num: number | null | undefined): string {
   if (num === null || num === undefined) return '0'
 
+  const locale = getLocale()
   const absNum = Math.abs(num)
 
-  if (absNum >= 1e9) {
+  // Use Intl.NumberFormat for compact notation if supported and needed
-    return (num / 1e9).toFixed(2) + 'B'
+  // Note: Compact notation in 'zh' uses '万/亿', which is appropriate for Chinese
-  } else if (absNum >= 1e6) {
+  const formatter = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale, {
-    return (num / 1e6).toFixed(2) + 'M'
+    notation: absNum >= 10000 ? 'compact' : 'standard',
-  } else if (absNum >= 1e3) {
+    maximumFractionDigits: 1
-    return (num / 1e3).toFixed(1) + 'K'
+  })
-  }
 
-  return num.toLocaleString()
+  return formatter.format(num)
 }
 
 /**
  * 格式化货币金额
  * @param amount 金额
- * @returns 格式化后的字符串，如 "$1.25" 或 "$0.000123"
+ * @param currency 货币代码，默认 USD
+ * @returns 格式化后的字符串，如 "$1.25"
  */
-export function formatCurrency(amount: number | null | undefined): string {
+export function formatCurrency(amount: number | null | undefined, currency: string = 'USD'): string {
   if (amount === null || amount === undefined) return '$0.00'
 
-  // 小于 0.01 时显示更多小数位
+  const locale = getLocale()
-  if (amount > 0 && amount < 0.01) {
-    return '$' + amount.toFixed(6)
-  }
 
-  return '$' + amount.toFixed(2)
+  // For very small amounts, show more decimals
+  const fractionDigits = amount > 0 && amount < 0.01 ? 6 : 2
+
+  return new Intl.NumberFormat(locale, {
+    style: 'currency',
+    currency: currency,
+    minimumFractionDigits: fractionDigits,
+    maximumFractionDigits: fractionDigits
+  }).format(amount)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -89,57 +95,61 @@ export function formatBytes(bytes: number, decimals: number = 2): string {
 /**
  * 格式化日期
  * @param date 日期字符串或 Date 对象
- * @param format 格式字符串，支持 YYYY, MM, DD, HH, mm, ss
+ * @param options Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions
  * @returns 格式化后的日期字符串
  */
 export function formatDate(
   date: string | Date | null | undefined,
-  format: string = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss'
+  options: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions = {
+    year: 'numeric',
+    month: '2-digit',
+    day: '2-digit',
+    hour: '2-digit',
+    minute: '2-digit',
+    second: '2-digit',
+    hour12: false
+  }
 ): string {
   if (!date) return ''
 
   const d = new Date(date)
   if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return ''
 
-  const year = d.getFullYear()
+  const locale = getLocale()
-  const month = String(d.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0')
+  return new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale, options).format(d)
-  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, '0')
-  const hours = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
-  const minutes = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
-  const seconds = String(d.getSeconds()).padStart(2, '0')
-
-  return format
-    .replace('YYYY', String(year))
-    .replace('MM', month)
-    .replace('DD', day)
-    .replace('HH', hours)
-    .replace('mm', minutes)
-    .replace('ss', seconds)
 }
 
 /**
  * 格式化日期（只显示日期部分）
  * @param date 日期字符串或 Date 对象
- * @returns 格式化后的日期字符串，格式为 YYYY-MM-DD
+ * @returns 格式化后的日期字符串
  */
 export function formatDateOnly(date: string | Date | null | undefined): string {
-  return formatDate(date, 'YYYY-MM-DD')
+  return formatDate(date, {
+    year: 'numeric',
+    month: '2-digit',
+    day: '2-digit'
+  })
 }
 
 /**
  * 格式化日期时间（完整格式）
  * @param date 日期字符串或 Date 对象
- * @returns 格式化后的日期时间字符串，格式为 YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss
+ * @returns 格式化后的日期时间字符串
  */
 export function formatDateTime(date: string | Date | null | undefined): string {
-  return formatDate(date, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss')
+  return formatDate(date)
 }
 
 /**
  * 格式化时间（只显示时分）
  * @param date 日期字符串或 Date 对象
- * @returns 格式化后的时间字符串，格式为 HH:mm
+ * @returns 格式化后的时间字符串
  */
 export function formatTime(date: string | Date | null | undefined): string {
-  return formatDate(date, 'HH:mm')
+  return formatDate(date, {
-}
+    hour: '2-digit',
+    minute: '2-digit',
+    hour12: false
+  })
+}

frontend/src/views/admin/DashboardView.vue

@@ -652,16 +652,4 @@ onMounted(() => {
 </script>
 
 <style scoped>
-/* Compact Select styling for dashboard */
-:deep(.select-trigger) {
-  @apply rounded-lg px-3 py-1.5 text-sm;
-}
-
-:deep(.select-dropdown) {
-  @apply rounded-lg;
-}
-
-:deep(.select-option) {
-  @apply px-3 py-2 text-sm;
-}
 </style>

frontend/src/views/admin/UsersView.vue

@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@
                 ]"
               ></span>
               <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
-                {{ value === 'active' ? t('common.active') : t('admin.users.disabled') }}
+                {{ t('admin.accounts.status.' + (value === 'disabled' ? 'inactive' : value)) }}
               </span>
             </div>
           </template>

frontend/src/views/user/DashboardView.vue

@@ -1052,16 +1052,4 @@ watch(isDarkMode, () => {
 </script>
 
 <style scoped>
-/* Compact Select styling for dashboard */
-:deep(.select-trigger) {
-  @apply rounded-lg px-3 py-1.5 text-sm;
-}
-
-:deep(.select-dropdown) {
-  @apply rounded-lg;
-}
-
-:deep(.select-option) {
-  @apply px-3 py-2 text-sm;
-}
 </style>

frontend/src/views/user/KeysView.vue

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
 
           <template #cell-status="{ value }">
             <span :class="['badge', value === 'active' ? 'badge-success' : 'badge-gray']">
-              {{ value }}
+              {{ t('admin.accounts.status.' + value) }}
             </span>
           </template>
 
@@ -501,7 +501,8 @@
       <div
         v-if="groupSelectorKeyId !== null && dropdownPosition"
         ref="dropdownRef"
-        class="animate-in fade-in slide-in-from-top-2 fixed z-[9999] w-64 overflow-hidden rounded-xl bg-white shadow-lg ring-1 ring-black/5 duration-200 dark:bg-dark-800 dark:ring-white/10"
+        class="animate-in fade-in slide-in-from-top-2 fixed z-[100000020] w-64 overflow-hidden rounded-xl bg-white shadow-lg ring-1 ring-black/5 duration-200 dark:bg-dark-800 dark:ring-white/10"
+        style="pointer-events: auto !important;"
         :style="{ top: dropdownPosition.top + 'px', left: dropdownPosition.left + 'px' }"
       >
         <div class="max-h-64 overflow-y-auto p-1.5">