feat(subscription): 订阅过期状态自动更新与服务端排序

- 新增 SubscriptionExpiryService 定时任务，每分钟更新过期订阅状态
- 订阅列表支持服务端排序（按过期时间、状态、创建时间）
- 实时显示正确的过期状态，无需等待定时任务
- 允许对已过期订阅进行续期操作
- DataTable 组件支持 serverSideSort 模式

backend/cmd/server/wire.go

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ func provideCleanup(
 	schedulerSnapshot *service.SchedulerSnapshotService,
 	tokenRefresh *service.TokenRefreshService,
 	accountExpiry *service.AccountExpiryService,
+	subscriptionExpiry *service.SubscriptionExpiryService,
 	usageCleanup *service.UsageCleanupService,
 	pricing *service.PricingService,
 	emailQueue *service.EmailQueueService,
@@ -138,6 +139,10 @@ func provideCleanup(
 				accountExpiry.Stop()
 				return nil
 			}},
+			{"SubscriptionExpiryService", func() error {
+				subscriptionExpiry.Stop()
+				return nil
+			}},
 			{"PricingService", func() error {
 				pricing.Stop()
 				return nil

backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go

@@ -178,7 +178,8 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	opsScheduledReportService := service.ProvideOpsScheduledReportService(opsService, userService, emailService, redisClient, configConfig)
 	tokenRefreshService := service.ProvideTokenRefreshService(accountRepository, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService, compositeTokenCacheInvalidator, configConfig)
 	accountExpiryService := service.ProvideAccountExpiryService(accountRepository)
-	v := provideCleanup(client, redisClient, opsMetricsCollector, opsAggregationService, opsAlertEvaluatorService, opsCleanupService, opsScheduledReportService, schedulerSnapshotService, tokenRefreshService, accountExpiryService, usageCleanupService, pricingService, emailQueueService, billingCacheService, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService)
+	subscriptionExpiryService := service.ProvideSubscriptionExpiryService(userSubscriptionRepository)
+	v := provideCleanup(client, redisClient, opsMetricsCollector, opsAggregationService, opsAlertEvaluatorService, opsCleanupService, opsScheduledReportService, schedulerSnapshotService, tokenRefreshService, accountExpiryService, subscriptionExpiryService, usageCleanupService, pricingService, emailQueueService, billingCacheService, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService)
 	application := &Application{
 		Server:  httpServer,
 		Cleanup: v,
@@ -211,6 +212,7 @@ func provideCleanup(
 	schedulerSnapshot *service.SchedulerSnapshotService,
 	tokenRefresh *service.TokenRefreshService,
 	accountExpiry *service.AccountExpiryService,
+	subscriptionExpiry *service.SubscriptionExpiryService,
 	usageCleanup *service.UsageCleanupService,
 	pricing *service.PricingService,
 	emailQueue *service.EmailQueueService,
@@ -278,6 +280,10 @@ func provideCleanup(
 				accountExpiry.Stop()
 				return nil
 			}},
+			{"SubscriptionExpiryService", func() error {
+				subscriptionExpiry.Stop()
+				return nil
+			}},
 			{"PricingService", func() error {
 				pricing.Stop()
 				return nil

backend/internal/handler/admin/subscription_handler.go

@@ -77,7 +77,11 @@ func (h *SubscriptionHandler) List(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 	status := c.Query("status")
 
-	subscriptions, pagination, err := h.subscriptionService.List(c.Request.Context(), page, pageSize, userID, groupID, status)
+	// Parse sorting parameters
+	sortBy := c.DefaultQuery("sort_by", "created_at")
+	sortOrder := c.DefaultQuery("sort_order", "desc")
+
+	subscriptions, pagination, err := h.subscriptionService.List(c.Request.Context(), page, pageSize, userID, groupID, status, sortBy, sortOrder)
 	if err != nil {
 		response.ErrorFrom(c, err)
 		return

backend/internal/repository/user_subscription_repo.go

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ func (r *userSubscriptionRepository) ListByGroupID(ctx context.Context, groupID
 	return userSubscriptionEntitiesToService(subs), paginationResultFromTotal(int64(total), params), nil
 }
 
-func (r *userSubscriptionRepository) List(ctx context.Context, params pagination.PaginationParams, userID, groupID *int64, status string) ([]service.UserSubscription, *pagination.PaginationResult, error) {
+func (r *userSubscriptionRepository) List(ctx context.Context, params pagination.PaginationParams, userID, groupID *int64, status, sortBy, sortOrder string) ([]service.UserSubscription, *pagination.PaginationResult, error) {
 	client := clientFromContext(ctx, r.client)
 	q := client.UserSubscription.Query()
 	if userID != nil {
@@ -199,7 +199,31 @@ func (r *userSubscriptionRepository) List(ctx context.Context, params pagination
 	if groupID != nil {
 		q = q.Where(usersubscription.GroupIDEQ(*groupID))
 	}
-	if status != "" {
+
+	// Status filtering with real-time expiration check
+	now := time.Now()
+	switch status {
+	case service.SubscriptionStatusActive:
+		// Active: status is active AND not yet expired
+		q = q.Where(
+			usersubscription.StatusEQ(service.SubscriptionStatusActive),
+			usersubscription.ExpiresAtGT(now),
+		)
+	case service.SubscriptionStatusExpired:
+		// Expired: status is expired OR (status is active but already expired)
+		q = q.Where(
+			usersubscription.Or(
+				usersubscription.StatusEQ(service.SubscriptionStatusExpired),
+				usersubscription.And(
+					usersubscription.StatusEQ(service.SubscriptionStatusActive),
+					usersubscription.ExpiresAtLTE(now),
+				),
+			),
+		)
+	case "":
+		// No filter
+	default:
+		// Other status (e.g., revoked)
 		q = q.Where(usersubscription.StatusEQ(status))
 	}
 
@@ -208,11 +232,28 @@ func (r *userSubscriptionRepository) List(ctx context.Context, params pagination
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
+	// Apply sorting
+	q = q.WithUser().WithGroup().WithAssignedByUser()
+
+	// Determine sort field
+	var field string
+	switch sortBy {
+	case "expires_at":
+		field = usersubscription.FieldExpiresAt
+	case "status":
+		field = usersubscription.FieldStatus
+	default:
+		field = usersubscription.FieldCreatedAt
+	}
+
+	// Determine sort order (default: desc)
+	if sortOrder == "asc" && sortBy != "" {
+		q = q.Order(dbent.Asc(field))
+	} else {
+		q = q.Order(dbent.Desc(field))
+	}
+
 	subs, err := q.
-		WithUser().
-		WithGroup().
-		WithAssignedByUser().
-		Order(dbent.Desc(usersubscription.FieldCreatedAt)).
 		Offset(params.Offset()).
 		Limit(params.Limit()).
 		All(ctx)

backend/internal/server/api_contract_test.go

@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ func (r *stubUserSubscriptionRepo) ListActiveByUserID(ctx context.Context, userI
 func (stubUserSubscriptionRepo) ListByGroupID(ctx context.Context, groupID int64, params pagination.PaginationParams) ([]service.UserSubscription, *pagination.PaginationResult, error) {
 	return nil, nil, errors.New("not implemented")
 }
-func (stubUserSubscriptionRepo) List(ctx context.Context, params pagination.PaginationParams, userID, groupID *int64, status string) ([]service.UserSubscription, *pagination.PaginationResult, error) {
+func (stubUserSubscriptionRepo) List(ctx context.Context, params pagination.PaginationParams, userID, groupID *int64, status, sortBy, sortOrder string) ([]service.UserSubscription, *pagination.PaginationResult, error) {
 	return nil, nil, errors.New("not implemented")
 }
 func (stubUserSubscriptionRepo) ExistsByUserIDAndGroupID(ctx context.Context, userID, groupID int64) (bool, error) {

backend/internal/server/middleware/api_key_auth_test.go

@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ func (r *stubUserSubscriptionRepo) ListByGroupID(ctx context.Context, groupID in
 	return nil, nil, errors.New("not implemented")
 }
 
-func (r *stubUserSubscriptionRepo) List(ctx context.Context, params pagination.PaginationParams, userID, groupID *int64, status string) ([]service.UserSubscription, *pagination.PaginationResult, error) {
+func (r *stubUserSubscriptionRepo) List(ctx context.Context, params pagination.PaginationParams, userID, groupID *int64, status, sortBy, sortOrder string) ([]service.UserSubscription, *pagination.PaginationResult, error) {
 	return nil, nil, errors.New("not implemented")
 }
 

backend/internal/service/subscription_expiry_service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// SubscriptionExpiryService periodically updates expired subscription status.
+type SubscriptionExpiryService struct {
+	userSubRepo UserSubscriptionRepository
+	interval    time.Duration
+	stopCh      chan struct{}
+	stopOnce    sync.Once
+	wg          sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+func NewSubscriptionExpiryService(userSubRepo UserSubscriptionRepository, interval time.Duration) *SubscriptionExpiryService {
+	return &SubscriptionExpiryService{
+		userSubRepo: userSubRepo,
+		interval:    interval,
+		stopCh:      make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *SubscriptionExpiryService) Start() {
+	if s == nil || s.userSubRepo == nil || s.interval <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	s.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer s.wg.Done()
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(s.interval)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+
+		s.runOnce()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				s.runOnce()
+			case <-s.stopCh:
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func (s *SubscriptionExpiryService) Stop() {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.stopOnce.Do(func() {
+		close(s.stopCh)
+	})
+	s.wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func (s *SubscriptionExpiryService) runOnce() {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	updated, err := s.userSubRepo.BatchUpdateExpiredStatus(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[SubscriptionExpiry] Update expired subscriptions failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if updated > 0 {
+		log.Printf("[SubscriptionExpiry] Updated %d expired subscriptions", updated)
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/subscription_service.go

@@ -330,12 +330,10 @@ func (s *SubscriptionService) ExtendSubscription(ctx context.Context, subscripti
 		newExpiresAt = MaxExpiresAt
 	}
 
-	// 如果是缩短（负数），检查新的过期时间必须大于当前时间
+	// 检查新的过期时间必须大于当前时间
-	if days < 0 {
+	now := time.Now()
-		now := time.Now()
+	if !newExpiresAt.After(now) {
-		if !newExpiresAt.After(now) {
+		return nil, ErrAdjustWouldExpire
-			return nil, ErrAdjustWouldExpire
-		}
 	}
 
 	if err := s.userSubRepo.ExtendExpiry(ctx, subscriptionID, newExpiresAt); err != nil {
@@ -383,6 +381,7 @@ func (s *SubscriptionService) ListUserSubscriptions(ctx context.Context, userID
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	normalizeExpiredWindows(subs)
+	normalizeSubscriptionStatus(subs)
 	return subs, nil
 }
 
@@ -404,17 +403,19 @@ func (s *SubscriptionService) ListGroupSubscriptions(ctx context.Context, groupI
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	normalizeExpiredWindows(subs)
+	normalizeSubscriptionStatus(subs)
 	return subs, pag, nil
 }
 
-// List 获取所有订阅（分页，支持筛选）
+// List 获取所有订阅（分页，支持筛选和排序）
-func (s *SubscriptionService) List(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int, userID, groupID *int64, status string) ([]UserSubscription, *pagination.PaginationResult, error) {
+func (s *SubscriptionService) List(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int, userID, groupID *int64, status, sortBy, sortOrder string) ([]UserSubscription, *pagination.PaginationResult, error) {
 	params := pagination.PaginationParams{Page: page, PageSize: pageSize}
-	subs, pag, err := s.userSubRepo.List(ctx, params, userID, groupID, status)
+	subs, pag, err := s.userSubRepo.List(ctx, params, userID, groupID, status, sortBy, sortOrder)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	normalizeExpiredWindows(subs)
+	normalizeSubscriptionStatus(subs)
 	return subs, pag, nil
 }
 
@@ -441,6 +442,18 @@ func normalizeExpiredWindows(subs []UserSubscription) {
 	}
 }
 
+// normalizeSubscriptionStatus 根据实际过期时间修正状态（仅影响返回数据，不影响数据库）
+// 这确保前端显示正确的状态，即使定时任务尚未更新数据库
+func normalizeSubscriptionStatus(subs []UserSubscription) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	for i := range subs {
+		sub := &subs[i]
+		if sub.Status == SubscriptionStatusActive && !sub.ExpiresAt.After(now) {
+			sub.Status = SubscriptionStatusExpired
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // startOfDay 返回给定时间所在日期的零点（保持原时区）
 func startOfDay(t time.Time) time.Time {
 	return time.Date(t.Year(), t.Month(), t.Day(), 0, 0, 0, 0, t.Location())
@@ -659,11 +672,6 @@ func (s *SubscriptionService) GetUserSubscriptionsWithProgress(ctx context.Conte
 	return progresses, nil
 }
 
-// UpdateExpiredSubscriptions 更新过期订阅状态（定时任务调用）
-func (s *SubscriptionService) UpdateExpiredSubscriptions(ctx context.Context) (int64, error) {
-	return s.userSubRepo.BatchUpdateExpiredStatus(ctx)
-}
-
 // ValidateSubscription 验证订阅是否有效
 func (s *SubscriptionService) ValidateSubscription(ctx context.Context, sub *UserSubscription) error {
 	if sub.Status == SubscriptionStatusExpired {

backend/internal/service/user_subscription_port.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ type UserSubscriptionRepository interface {
 	ListByUserID(ctx context.Context, userID int64) ([]UserSubscription, error)
 	ListActiveByUserID(ctx context.Context, userID int64) ([]UserSubscription, error)
 	ListByGroupID(ctx context.Context, groupID int64, params pagination.PaginationParams) ([]UserSubscription, *pagination.PaginationResult, error)
-	List(ctx context.Context, params pagination.PaginationParams, userID, groupID *int64, status string) ([]UserSubscription, *pagination.PaginationResult, error)
+	List(ctx context.Context, params pagination.PaginationParams, userID, groupID *int64, status, sortBy, sortOrder string) ([]UserSubscription, *pagination.PaginationResult, error)
 
 	ExistsByUserIDAndGroupID(ctx context.Context, userID, groupID int64) (bool, error)
 	ExtendExpiry(ctx context.Context, subscriptionID int64, newExpiresAt time.Time) error

backend/internal/service/wire.go

@@ -72,6 +72,13 @@ func ProvideAccountExpiryService(accountRepo AccountRepository) *AccountExpirySe
 	return svc
 }
 
+// ProvideSubscriptionExpiryService creates and starts SubscriptionExpiryService.
+func ProvideSubscriptionExpiryService(userSubRepo UserSubscriptionRepository) *SubscriptionExpiryService {
+	svc := NewSubscriptionExpiryService(userSubRepo, time.Minute)
+	svc.Start()
+	return svc
+}
+
 // ProvideTimingWheelService creates and starts TimingWheelService
 func ProvideTimingWheelService() (*TimingWheelService, error) {
 	svc, err := NewTimingWheelService()
@@ -256,6 +263,7 @@ var ProviderSet = wire.NewSet(
 	ProvideUpdateService,
 	ProvideTokenRefreshService,
 	ProvideAccountExpiryService,
+	ProvideSubscriptionExpiryService,
 	ProvideTimingWheelService,
 	ProvideDashboardAggregationService,
 	ProvideUsageCleanupService,

frontend/src/api/admin/subscriptions.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import type {
  * List all subscriptions with pagination
  * @param page - Page number (default: 1)
  * @param pageSize - Items per page (default: 20)
- * @param filters - Optional filters (status, user_id, group_id)
+ * @param filters - Optional filters (status, user_id, group_id, sort_by, sort_order)
  * @returns Paginated list of subscriptions
  */
 export async function list(
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ export async function list(
     status?: 'active' | 'expired' | 'revoked'
     user_id?: number
     group_id?: number
+    sort_by?: string
+    sort_order?: 'asc' | 'desc'
   },
   options?: {
     signal?: AbortSignal

frontend/src/components/common/DataTable.vue

@@ -181,6 +181,10 @@ import Icon from '@/components/icons/Icon.vue'
 
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
+const emit = defineEmits<{
+  sort: [key: string, order: 'asc' | 'desc']
+}>()
+
 // 表格容器引用
 const tableWrapperRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
 const isScrollable = ref(false)
@@ -289,6 +293,11 @@ interface Props {
    * If provided, DataTable will load the stored sort state on mount.
    */
   sortStorageKey?: string
+  /**
+   * Enable server-side sorting mode. When true, clicking sort headers
+   * will emit 'sort' events instead of performing client-side sorting.
+   */
+  serverSideSort?: boolean
 }
 
 const props = withDefaults(defineProps<Props>(), {
@@ -296,7 +305,8 @@ const props = withDefaults(defineProps<Props>(), {
   stickyFirstColumn: true,
   stickyActionsColumn: true,
   expandableActions: true,
-  defaultSortOrder: 'asc'
+  defaultSortOrder: 'asc',
+  serverSideSort: false
 })
 
 const sortKey = ref<string>('')
@@ -448,16 +458,26 @@ watch(actionsExpanded, async () => {
 })
 
 const handleSort = (key: string) => {
+  let newOrder: 'asc' | 'desc' = 'asc'
   if (sortKey.value === key) {
-    sortOrder.value = sortOrder.value === 'asc' ? 'desc' : 'asc'
+    newOrder = sortOrder.value === 'asc' ? 'desc' : 'asc'
-  } else {
+  }
+
+  if (props.serverSideSort) {
+    // Server-side sort mode: emit event and update internal state for UI feedback
     sortKey.value = key
-    sortOrder.value = 'asc'
+    sortOrder.value = newOrder
+    emit('sort', key, newOrder)
+  } else {
+    // Client-side sort mode: just update internal state
+    sortKey.value = key
+    sortOrder.value = newOrder
   }
 }
 
 const sortedData = computed(() => {
-  if (!sortKey.value || !props.data) return props.data
+  // Server-side sort mode: return data as-is (server handles sorting)
+  if (props.serverSideSort || !sortKey.value || !props.data) return props.data
 
   const key = sortKey.value
   const order = sortOrder.value

frontend/src/views/admin/SubscriptionsView.vue

@@ -154,7 +154,13 @@
 
       <!-- Subscriptions Table -->
       <template #table>
-        <DataTable :columns="columns" :data="subscriptions" :loading="loading">
+        <DataTable
+          :columns="columns"
+          :data="subscriptions"
+          :loading="loading"
+          :server-side-sort="true"
+          @sort="handleSort"
+        >
           <template #cell-user="{ row }">
             <div class="flex items-center gap-2">
               <div
@@ -357,7 +363,7 @@
           <template #cell-actions="{ row }">
             <div class="flex items-center gap-1">
               <button
-                v-if="row.status === 'active'"
+                v-if="row.status === 'active' || row.status === 'expired'"
                 @click="handleExtend(row)"
                 class="flex flex-col items-center gap-0.5 rounded-lg p-1.5 text-gray-500 transition-colors hover:bg-blue-50 hover:text-blue-600 dark:hover:bg-blue-900/20 dark:hover:text-blue-400"
               >
@@ -683,9 +689,9 @@ const allColumns = computed<Column[]>(() => [
     label: userColumnMode.value === 'email'
       ? t('admin.subscriptions.columns.user')
       : t('admin.users.columns.username'),
-    sortable: true
+    sortable: false
   },
-  { key: 'group', label: t('admin.subscriptions.columns.group'), sortable: true },
+  { key: 'group', label: t('admin.subscriptions.columns.group'), sortable: false },
   { key: 'usage', label: t('admin.subscriptions.columns.usage'), sortable: false },
   { key: 'expires_at', label: t('admin.subscriptions.columns.expires'), sortable: true },
   { key: 'status', label: t('admin.subscriptions.columns.status'), sortable: true },
@@ -785,10 +791,17 @@ const selectedUser = ref<SimpleUser | null>(null)
 let userSearchTimeout: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null
 
 const filters = reactive({
-  status: '',
+  status: 'active',
   group_id: '',
   user_id: null as number | null
 })
+
+// Sorting state
+const sortState = reactive({
+  sort_by: 'created_at',
+  sort_order: 'desc' as 'asc' | 'desc'
+})
+
 const pagination = reactive({
   page: 1,
   page_size: 20,
@@ -854,7 +867,9 @@ const loadSubscriptions = async () => {
       {
         status: (filters.status as any) || undefined,
         group_id: filters.group_id ? parseInt(filters.group_id) : undefined,
-        user_id: filters.user_id || undefined
+        user_id: filters.user_id || undefined,
+        sort_by: sortState.sort_by,
+        sort_order: sortState.sort_order
       },
       {
         signal
@@ -995,6 +1010,13 @@ const handlePageSizeChange = (pageSize: number) => {
   loadSubscriptions()
 }
 
+const handleSort = (key: string, order: 'asc' | 'desc') => {
+  sortState.sort_by = key
+  sortState.sort_order = order
+  pagination.page = 1
+  loadSubscriptions()
+}
+
 const closeAssignModal = () => {
   showAssignModal.value = false
   assignForm.user_id = null
@@ -1053,11 +1075,11 @@ const closeExtendModal = () => {
 const handleExtendSubscription = async () => {
   if (!extendingSubscription.value) return
 
-  // 前端验证：调整后剩余天数必须 > 0
+  // 前端验证：调整后的过期时间必须在未来
   if (extendingSubscription.value.expires_at) {
-    const currentDaysRemaining = getDaysRemaining(extendingSubscription.value.expires_at) ?? 0
+    const expiresAt = new Date(extendingSubscription.value.expires_at)
-    const newDaysRemaining = currentDaysRemaining + extendForm.days
+    const newExpiresAt = new Date(expiresAt.getTime() + extendForm.days * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)
-    if (newDaysRemaining <= 0) {
+    if (newExpiresAt <= new Date()) {
       appStore.showError(t('admin.subscriptions.adjustWouldExpire'))
       return
     }