refactor(frontend): comprehensive architectural optimization and base component extraction

- Standardized table loading logic with enhanced useTableLoader.
- Unified form submission patterns via new useForm composable.
- Extracted common UI components: SearchInput and StatusBadge.
- Centralized common interface definitions in types/index.ts.
- Achieved TypeScript zero-error status across refactored files.
- Greatly improved code reusability and maintainability.

frontend/src/composables/useForm.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { ref } from 'vue'
+import { useAppStore } from '@/stores/app'
+
+interface UseFormOptions<T> {
+  form: T
+  submitFn: (data: T) => Promise<void>
+  successMsg?: string
+  errorMsg?: string
+}
+
+/**
+ * 统一表单提交逻辑
+ * 管理加载状态、错误捕获及通知
+ */
+export function useForm<T>(options: UseFormOptions<T>) {
+  const { form, submitFn, successMsg, errorMsg } = options
+  const loading = ref(false)
+  const appStore = useAppStore()
+
+  const submit = async () => {
+    if (loading.value) return
+    
+    loading.value = true
+    try {
+      await submitFn(form)
+      if (successMsg) {
+        appStore.showSuccess(successMsg)
+      }
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      const detail = error.response?.data?.detail || error.response?.data?.message || error.message
+      appStore.showError(errorMsg || detail)
+      // 继续抛出错误，让组件有机会进行局部处理（如验证错误显示）
+      throw error
+    } finally {
+      loading.value = false
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    loading,
+    submit
+  }
+}