diff --git a/backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go b/backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go
index 55865945..a5559b7d 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go
@@ -515,22 +515,10 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) testOpenAIAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account
 			_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(ctx, account.ID, updates)
 			mergeAccountExtra(account, updates)
 		}
-		if snapshot := ParseCodexRateLimitHeaders(resp.Header); snapshot != nil {
-			if resetAt := codexRateLimitResetAtFromSnapshot(snapshot, time.Now()); resetAt != nil {
-				_ = s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(ctx, account.ID, *resetAt)
-				account.RateLimitResetAt = resetAt
-			}
-		}
 	}
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		if isOAuth && s.accountRepo != nil {
-			if resetAt := (&RateLimitService{}).calculateOpenAI429ResetTime(resp.Header); resetAt != nil {
-				_ = s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(ctx, account.ID, *resetAt)
-				account.RateLimitResetAt = resetAt
-			}
-		}
 		// 401 Unauthorized: 标记账号为永久错误
 		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized && s.accountRepo != nil {
 			errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Authentication failed (401): %s", string(body))
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/account_test_service_openai_test.go b/backend/internal/service/account_test_service_openai_test.go
index 5125db5b..82606979 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_test_service_openai_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_test_service_openai_test.go
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func TestAccountTestService_OpenAISuccessPersistsSnapshotFromHeaders(t *testing.
 	require.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "test_complete")
 }
 
-func TestAccountTestService_OpenAI429PersistsSnapshotAndRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAccountTestService_OpenAI429PersistsSnapshotWithoutRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	ctx, _ := newTestContext()
 
@@ -138,10 +138,7 @@ func TestAccountTestService_OpenAI429PersistsSnapshotAndRateLimit(t *testing.T)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, repo.updatedExtra)
 	require.Equal(t, 100.0, repo.updatedExtra["codex_5h_used_percent"])
-	require.Equal(t, int64(88), repo.rateLimitedID)
-	require.NotNil(t, repo.rateLimitedAt)
-	require.NotNil(t, account.RateLimitResetAt)
-	if account.RateLimitResetAt != nil && repo.rateLimitedAt != nil {
-		require.WithinDuration(t, *repo.rateLimitedAt, *account.RateLimitResetAt, time.Second)
-	}
+	require.Zero(t, repo.rateLimitedID)
+	require.Nil(t, repo.rateLimitedAt)
+	require.Nil(t, account.RateLimitResetAt)
 }
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/account_usage_service.go b/backend/internal/service/account_usage_service.go
index 0e5741d8..8d5bcec8 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_usage_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_usage_service.go
@@ -499,7 +499,6 @@ func (s *AccountUsageService) getOpenAIUsage(ctx context.Context, account *Accou
 	if account == nil {
 		return usage, nil
 	}
-	syncOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(ctx, s.accountRepo, account, now)
 
 	if progress := buildCodexUsageProgressFromExtra(account.Extra, "5h", now); progress != nil {
 		usage.FiveHour = progress
@@ -509,11 +508,8 @@ func (s *AccountUsageService) getOpenAIUsage(ctx context.Context, account *Accou
 	}
 
 	if shouldRefreshOpenAICodexSnapshot(account, usage, now) && s.shouldProbeOpenAICodexSnapshot(account.ID, now) {
-		if updates, resetAt, err := s.probeOpenAICodexSnapshot(ctx, account); err == nil && (len(updates) > 0 || resetAt != nil) {
+		if updates, err := s.probeOpenAICodexSnapshot(ctx, account); err == nil && len(updates) > 0 {
 			mergeAccountExtra(account, updates)
-			if resetAt != nil {
-				account.RateLimitResetAt = resetAt
-			}
 			if usage.UpdatedAt == nil {
 				usage.UpdatedAt = &now
 			}
@@ -594,26 +590,26 @@ func (s *AccountUsageService) shouldProbeOpenAICodexSnapshot(accountID int64, no
 	return true
 }
 
-func (s *AccountUsageService) probeOpenAICodexSnapshot(ctx context.Context, account *Account) (map[string]any, *time.Time, error) {
+func (s *AccountUsageService) probeOpenAICodexSnapshot(ctx context.Context, account *Account) (map[string]any, error) {
 	if account == nil || !account.IsOAuth() {
-		return nil, nil, nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 	accessToken := account.GetOpenAIAccessToken()
 	if accessToken == "" {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("no access token available")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no access token available")
 	}
 	modelID := openaipkg.DefaultTestModel
 	payload := createOpenAITestPayload(modelID, true)
 	payloadBytes, err := json.Marshal(payload)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("marshal openai probe payload: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("marshal openai probe payload: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 15*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(reqCtx, http.MethodPost, chatgptCodexURL, bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("create openai probe request: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create openai probe request: %w", err)
 	}
 	req.Host = "chatgpt.com"
 	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
@@ -642,67 +638,51 @@ func (s *AccountUsageService) probeOpenAICodexSnapshot(ctx context.Context, acco
 		ResponseHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("build openai probe client: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("build openai probe client: %w", err)
 	}
 	resp, err := client.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("openai codex probe request failed: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("openai codex probe request failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 
-	updates, resetAt, err := extractOpenAICodexProbeSnapshot(resp)
+	updates, err := extractOpenAICodexProbeUpdates(resp)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	if len(updates) > 0 || resetAt != nil {
-		s.persistOpenAICodexProbeSnapshot(account.ID, updates, resetAt)
-		return updates, resetAt, nil
+	if len(updates) > 0 {
+		s.persistOpenAICodexProbeSnapshot(account.ID, updates)
+		return updates, nil
 	}
-	return nil, nil, nil
+	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func (s *AccountUsageService) persistOpenAICodexProbeSnapshot(accountID int64, updates map[string]any, resetAt *time.Time) {
+func (s *AccountUsageService) persistOpenAICodexProbeSnapshot(accountID int64, updates map[string]any) {
 	if s == nil || s.accountRepo == nil || accountID <= 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	if len(updates) == 0 && resetAt == nil {
+	if len(updates) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 
 	go func() {
 		updateCtx, updateCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 		defer updateCancel()
-		if len(updates) > 0 {
-			_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(updateCtx, accountID, updates)
-		}
-		if resetAt != nil {
-			_ = s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(updateCtx, accountID, *resetAt)
-		}
+		_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(updateCtx, accountID, updates)
 	}()
 }
 
-func extractOpenAICodexProbeSnapshot(resp *http.Response) (map[string]any, *time.Time, error) {
+func extractOpenAICodexProbeUpdates(resp *http.Response) (map[string]any, error) {
 	if resp == nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 	if snapshot := ParseCodexRateLimitHeaders(resp.Header); snapshot != nil {
-		baseTime := time.Now()
-		updates := buildCodexUsageExtraUpdates(snapshot, baseTime)
-		resetAt := codexRateLimitResetAtFromSnapshot(snapshot, baseTime)
-		if len(updates) > 0 {
-			return updates, resetAt, nil
-		}
-		return nil, resetAt, nil
+		return buildCodexUsageExtraUpdates(snapshot, time.Now()), nil
 	}
 	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("openai codex probe returned status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("openai codex probe returned status %d", resp.StatusCode)
 	}
-	return nil, nil, nil
-}
-
-func extractOpenAICodexProbeUpdates(resp *http.Response) (map[string]any, error) {
-	updates, _, err := extractOpenAICodexProbeSnapshot(resp)
-	return updates, err
+	return nil, nil
 }
 
 func mergeAccountExtra(account *Account, updates map[string]any) {
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/account_usage_service_test.go b/backend/internal/service/account_usage_service_test.go
index fe255225..28b49838 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_usage_service_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_usage_service_test.go
@@ -92,30 +92,7 @@ func TestExtractOpenAICodexProbeUpdatesAccepts429WithCodexHeaders(t *testing.T)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestExtractOpenAICodexProbeSnapshotAccepts429WithResetAt(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	headers := make(http.Header)
-	headers.Set("x-codex-primary-used-percent", "100")
-	headers.Set("x-codex-primary-reset-after-seconds", "604800")
-	headers.Set("x-codex-primary-window-minutes", "10080")
-	headers.Set("x-codex-secondary-used-percent", "100")
-	headers.Set("x-codex-secondary-reset-after-seconds", "18000")
-	headers.Set("x-codex-secondary-window-minutes", "300")
-
-	updates, resetAt, err := extractOpenAICodexProbeSnapshot(&http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusTooManyRequests, Header: headers})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("extractOpenAICodexProbeSnapshot() error = %v", err)
-	}
-	if len(updates) == 0 {
-		t.Fatal("expected codex probe updates from 429 headers")
-	}
-	if resetAt == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected resetAt from exhausted codex headers")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAccountUsageService_PersistOpenAICodexProbeSnapshotSetsRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAccountUsageService_PersistOpenAICodexProbeSnapshotOnlyUpdatesExtra(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	repo := &accountUsageCodexProbeRepo{
@@ -123,12 +100,10 @@ func TestAccountUsageService_PersistOpenAICodexProbeSnapshotSetsRateLimit(t *tes
 		rateLimitCh:   make(chan time.Time, 1),
 	}
 	svc := &AccountUsageService{accountRepo: repo}
-	resetAt := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
-
 	svc.persistOpenAICodexProbeSnapshot(321, map[string]any{
 		"codex_7d_used_percent": 100.0,
-		"codex_7d_reset_at":     resetAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
-	}, &resetAt)
+		"codex_7d_reset_at":     time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour).UTC().Truncate(time.Second).Format(time.RFC3339),
+	})
 
 	select {
 	case updates := <-repo.updateExtraCh:
@@ -136,16 +111,49 @@ func TestAccountUsageService_PersistOpenAICodexProbeSnapshotSetsRateLimit(t *tes
 			t.Fatalf("codex_7d_used_percent = %v, want 100", got)
 		}
 	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("waiting for codex probe extra persistence timed out")
+		t.Fatal("等待 codex 探测快照写入 extra 超时")
 	}
 
 	select {
 	case got := <-repo.rateLimitCh:
-		if got.Before(resetAt.Add(-time.Second)) || got.After(resetAt.Add(time.Second)) {
-			t.Fatalf("rate limit resetAt = %v, want around %v", got, resetAt)
-		}
-	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("waiting for codex probe rate limit persistence timed out")
+		t.Fatalf("不应将探测快照写入运行时限流状态: %v", got)
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAccountUsageService_GetOpenAIUsage_DoesNotPromoteCodexExtraToRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	resetAt := time.Now().Add(6 * 24 * time.Hour).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+	repo := &accountUsageCodexProbeRepo{
+		rateLimitCh: make(chan time.Time, 1),
+	}
+	svc := &AccountUsageService{accountRepo: repo}
+	account := &Account{
+		Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+		Type:     AccountTypeOAuth,
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			"codex_5h_used_percent": 1.0,
+			"codex_5h_reset_at":     time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour).UTC().Truncate(time.Second).Format(time.RFC3339),
+			"codex_7d_used_percent": 100.0,
+			"codex_7d_reset_at":     resetAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		},
+	}
+
+	usage, err := svc.getOpenAIUsage(context.Background(), account)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("getOpenAIUsage() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if usage.SevenDay == nil || usage.SevenDay.Utilization != 100.0 {
+		t.Fatalf("预期 7 天用量仍然可见，实际为 %#v", usage.SevenDay)
+	}
+	if account.RateLimitResetAt != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("不应让已耗尽的 codex extra 改写运行时限流状态: %v", account.RateLimitResetAt)
+	}
+	select {
+	case got := <-repo.rateLimitCh:
+		t.Fatalf("不应将已耗尽的 codex extra 持久化为运行时限流状态: %v", got)
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/admin_service.go b/backend/internal/service/admin_service.go
index 97b42c24..7c26a47c 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/admin_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/admin_service.go
@@ -1470,10 +1470,6 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) ListAccounts(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int,
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
-	now := time.Now()
-	for i := range accounts {
-		syncOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(ctx, s.accountRepo, &accounts[i], now)
-	}
 	return accounts, result.Total, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go
index 6087b7b6..ef97daad 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go
@@ -1681,7 +1681,6 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) recheckSelectedOpenAIAccountFromDB(ctx context.Co
 	if err != nil || latest == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	syncOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(ctx, s.accountRepo, latest, time.Now())
 	if !latest.IsSchedulable() || !latest.IsOpenAI() {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -1704,7 +1703,6 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) getSchedulableAccount(ctx context.Context, accoun
 	if err != nil || account == nil {
 		return account, err
 	}
-	syncOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(ctx, s.accountRepo, account, time.Now())
 	return account, nil
 }
 
@@ -4768,69 +4766,6 @@ func buildCodexUsageExtraUpdates(snapshot *OpenAICodexUsageSnapshot, fallbackNow
 	return updates
 }
 
-func codexUsagePercentExhausted(value *float64) bool {
-	return value != nil && *value >= 100-1e-9
-}
-
-func codexRateLimitResetAtFromSnapshot(snapshot *OpenAICodexUsageSnapshot, fallbackNow time.Time) *time.Time {
-	if snapshot == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	normalized := snapshot.Normalize()
-	if normalized == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	baseTime := codexSnapshotBaseTime(snapshot, fallbackNow)
-	if codexUsagePercentExhausted(normalized.Used7dPercent) && normalized.Reset7dSeconds != nil {
-		resetAt := baseTime.Add(time.Duration(*normalized.Reset7dSeconds) * time.Second)
-		return &resetAt
-	}
-	if codexUsagePercentExhausted(normalized.Used5hPercent) && normalized.Reset5hSeconds != nil {
-		resetAt := baseTime.Add(time.Duration(*normalized.Reset5hSeconds) * time.Second)
-		return &resetAt
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func codexRateLimitResetAtFromExtra(extra map[string]any, now time.Time) *time.Time {
-	if len(extra) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if progress := buildCodexUsageProgressFromExtra(extra, "7d", now); progress != nil && codexUsagePercentExhausted(&progress.Utilization) && progress.ResetsAt != nil && now.Before(*progress.ResetsAt) {
-		resetAt := progress.ResetsAt.UTC()
-		return &resetAt
-	}
-	if progress := buildCodexUsageProgressFromExtra(extra, "5h", now); progress != nil && codexUsagePercentExhausted(&progress.Utilization) && progress.ResetsAt != nil && now.Before(*progress.ResetsAt) {
-		resetAt := progress.ResetsAt.UTC()
-		return &resetAt
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func applyOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(account *Account, now time.Time) (*time.Time, bool) {
-	if account == nil || !account.IsOpenAI() {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-	resetAt := codexRateLimitResetAtFromExtra(account.Extra, now)
-	if resetAt == nil {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-	if account.RateLimitResetAt != nil && now.Before(*account.RateLimitResetAt) && !account.RateLimitResetAt.Before(*resetAt) {
-		return account.RateLimitResetAt, false
-	}
-	account.RateLimitResetAt = resetAt
-	return resetAt, true
-}
-
-func syncOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(ctx context.Context, repo AccountRepository, account *Account, now time.Time) *time.Time {
-	resetAt, changed := applyOpenAICodexRateLimitFromExtra(account, now)
-	if !changed || resetAt == nil || repo == nil || account == nil || account.ID <= 0 {
-		return resetAt
-	}
-	_ = repo.SetRateLimited(ctx, account.ID, *resetAt)
-	return resetAt
-}
-
 // updateCodexUsageSnapshot saves the Codex usage snapshot to account's Extra field
 func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) updateCodexUsageSnapshot(ctx context.Context, accountID int64, snapshot *OpenAICodexUsageSnapshot) {
 	if snapshot == nil {
@@ -4842,24 +4777,17 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) updateCodexUsageSnapshot(ctx context.Context, acc
 
 	now := time.Now()
 	updates := buildCodexUsageExtraUpdates(snapshot, now)
-	resetAt := codexRateLimitResetAtFromSnapshot(snapshot, now)
-	if len(updates) == 0 && resetAt == nil {
+	if len(updates) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	shouldPersistUpdates := len(updates) > 0 && s.getCodexSnapshotThrottle().Allow(accountID, now)
-	if !shouldPersistUpdates && resetAt == nil {
+	if !s.getCodexSnapshotThrottle().Allow(accountID, now) {
 		return
 	}
 
 	go func() {
 		updateCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 		defer cancel()
-		if shouldPersistUpdates {
-			_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(updateCtx, accountID, updates)
-		}
-		if resetAt != nil {
-			_ = s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(updateCtx, accountID, *resetAt)
-		}
+		_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(updateCtx, accountID, updates)
 	}()
 }
 
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_ratelimit_signal_test.go b/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_ratelimit_signal_test.go
index 6313d0c0..4ee85a3a 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_ratelimit_signal_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openai_ws_ratelimit_signal_test.go
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_ProxyResponsesWebSocketFromClient_ErrorEventUsageL
 	}
 }
 
-func TestOpenAIGatewayService_UpdateCodexUsageSnapshot_ExhaustedSnapshotSetsRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_UpdateCodexUsageSnapshot_ExhaustedSnapshotDoesNotSetRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	repo := &openAICodexSnapshotAsyncRepo{
 		updateExtraCh: make(chan map[string]any, 1),
 		rateLimitCh:   make(chan time.Time, 1),
@@ -359,7 +359,6 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_UpdateCodexUsageSnapshot_ExhaustedSnapshotSetsRate
 		SecondaryResetAfterSeconds: ptrIntWS(1200),
 		SecondaryWindowMinutes:     ptrIntWS(300),
 	}
-	before := time.Now()
 	svc.updateCodexUsageSnapshot(context.Background(), 601, snapshot)
 
 	select {
@@ -371,9 +370,8 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_UpdateCodexUsageSnapshot_ExhaustedSnapshotSetsRate
 
 	select {
 	case resetAt := <-repo.rateLimitCh:
-		require.WithinDuration(t, before.Add(time.Hour), resetAt, 2*time.Second)
+		t.Fatalf("不应因仅写入快照而生成运行时限流时间: %v", resetAt)
 	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("等待 codex 100% 自动切换限流超时")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -401,7 +399,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_UpdateCodexUsageSnapshot_NonExhaustedSnapshotDoesN
 
 	select {
 	case resetAt := <-repo.rateLimitCh:
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected rate limit reset at: %v", resetAt)
+		t.Fatalf("不应写入运行时限流时间: %v", resetAt)
 	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
 	}
 }
@@ -409,7 +407,6 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_UpdateCodexUsageSnapshot_NonExhaustedSnapshotDoesN
 func TestOpenAIGatewayService_UpdateCodexUsageSnapshot_ThrottlesExtraWrites(t *testing.T) {
 	repo := &openAICodexSnapshotAsyncRepo{
 		updateExtraCh: make(chan map[string]any, 2),
-		rateLimitCh:   make(chan time.Time, 2),
 	}
 	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{
 		accountRepo:           repo,
@@ -443,7 +440,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_UpdateCodexUsageSnapshot_ThrottlesExtraWrites(t *t
 func ptrFloat64WS(v float64) *float64 { return &v }
 func ptrIntWS(v int) *int             { return &v }
 
-func TestOpenAIGatewayService_GetSchedulableAccount_ExhaustedCodexExtraSetsRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_GetSchedulableAccount_ExhaustedCodexExtraDoesNotSetRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	resetAt := time.Now().Add(6 * 24 * time.Hour)
 	account := Account{
 		ID:          701,
@@ -463,17 +460,15 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_GetSchedulableAccount_ExhaustedCodexExtraSetsRateL
 	fresh, err := svc.getSchedulableAccount(context.Background(), account.ID)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, fresh)
-	require.NotNil(t, fresh.RateLimitResetAt)
-	require.WithinDuration(t, resetAt.UTC(), *fresh.RateLimitResetAt, time.Second)
+	require.Nil(t, fresh.RateLimitResetAt)
 	select {
 	case persisted := <-repo.rateLimitCh:
-		require.WithinDuration(t, resetAt.UTC(), persisted, time.Second)
+		t.Fatalf("不应将已耗尽的 codex extra 提升为运行时限流状态: %v", persisted)
 	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("等待旧快照补写限流状态超时")
 	}
 }
 
-func TestAdminService_ListAccounts_ExhaustedCodexExtraReturnsRateLimitedAccount(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAdminService_ListAccounts_ExhaustedCodexExtraDoesNotSetRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	resetAt := time.Now().Add(4 * 24 * time.Hour)
 	repo := &openAICodexExtraListRepo{
 		stubOpenAIAccountRepo: stubOpenAIAccountRepo{accounts: []Account{{
@@ -496,13 +491,11 @@ func TestAdminService_ListAccounts_ExhaustedCodexExtraReturnsRateLimitedAccount(
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, int64(1), total)
 	require.Len(t, accounts, 1)
-	require.NotNil(t, accounts[0].RateLimitResetAt)
-	require.WithinDuration(t, resetAt.UTC(), *accounts[0].RateLimitResetAt, time.Second)
+	require.Nil(t, accounts[0].RateLimitResetAt)
 	select {
 	case persisted := <-repo.rateLimitCh:
-		require.WithinDuration(t, resetAt.UTC(), persisted, time.Second)
+		t.Fatalf("不应在账号列表查询时将 codex extra 持久化为运行时限流状态: %v", persisted)
 	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("等待列表补写限流状态超时")
 	}
 }