feat: support replacing bound primary email

backend/internal/handler/user_handler.go

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ type StartIdentityBindingRequest struct {
 type BindEmailIdentityRequest struct {
 	Email      string `json:"email" binding:"required,email"`
 	VerifyCode string `json:"verify_code" binding:"required"`
-	Password   string `json:"password" binding:"required,min=6"`
+	Password   string `json:"password" binding:"required"`
 }
 
 type SendEmailBindingCodeRequest struct {

backend/internal/handler/user_handler_test.go

@@ -422,6 +422,59 @@ func TestUserHandlerBindEmailIdentityReturnsProfileResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	require.True(t, resp.Data.EmailBound)
 }
 
+func TestUserHandlerBindEmailIdentityRejectsWrongCurrentPasswordForBoundEmail(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	user := &service.User{
+		ID:       11,
+		Email:    "current@example.com",
+		Username: "bound-user",
+		Role:     service.RoleUser,
+		Status:   service.StatusActive,
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, user.SetPassword("current-password"))
+
+	repo := &userHandlerRepoStub{user: user}
+	emailCache := &userHandlerEmailCacheStub{
+		data: &service.VerificationCodeData{
+			Code:      "123456",
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			ExpiresAt: time.Now().UTC().Add(10 * time.Minute),
+		},
+	}
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		JWT: config.JWTConfig{
+			Secret:     "test-secret",
+			ExpireHour: 1,
+		},
+	}
+	emailService := service.NewEmailService(nil, emailCache)
+	authService := service.NewAuthService(nil, repo, nil, nil, cfg, nil, emailService, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	handler := NewUserHandler(service.NewUserService(repo, nil, nil, nil), authService, nil, nil)
+
+	body := []byte(`{"email":"new@example.com","verify_code":"123456","password":"wrong-password"}`)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/user/account-bindings/email", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	c.Set(string(middleware2.ContextKeyUser), middleware2.AuthSubject{UserID: 11})
+
+	handler.BindEmailIdentity(c)
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, recorder.Code)
+
+	var resp struct {
+		Code    int    `json:"code"`
+		Message string `json:"message"`
+		Reason  string `json:"reason"`
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(recorder.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, resp.Code)
+	require.Equal(t, "PASSWORD_INCORRECT", resp.Reason)
+	require.Equal(t, "current password is incorrect", resp.Message)
+	require.Equal(t, "current@example.com", repo.user.Email)
+}
+
 func TestUserHandlerStartIdentityBindingReturnsAuthorizeURL(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 

backend/internal/service/auth_email_binding.go

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ import (
 	infraerrors "github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/errors"
 )
 
-// BindEmailIdentity verifies and binds a local email/password identity to the current user.
+// BindEmailIdentity verifies and binds a local email/password identity to the
+// current user, or replaces the existing bound primary email.
 func (s *AuthService) BindEmailIdentity(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	userID int64,
@@ -43,6 +44,13 @@ func (s *AuthService) BindEmailIdentity(
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	firstRealEmailBind := !hasBindableEmailIdentitySubject(currentUser.Email)
+	if firstRealEmailBind && len(password) < 6 {
+		return nil, infraerrors.BadRequest("PASSWORD_TOO_SHORT", "password must be at least 6 characters")
+	}
+	if !firstRealEmailBind && !s.CheckPassword(password, currentUser.PasswordHash) {
+		return nil, ErrPasswordIncorrect
+	}
 
 	existingUser, err := s.userRepo.GetByEmail(ctx, normalizedEmail)
 	switch {
@@ -57,9 +65,8 @@ func (s *AuthService) BindEmailIdentity(
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("hash password: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	firstRealEmailBind := !hasBindableEmailIdentitySubject(currentUser.Email)
+	if s.entClient != nil {
-	if firstRealEmailBind && s.entClient != nil {
+		if err := s.updateBoundEmailIdentityTx(ctx, currentUser, normalizedEmail, hashedPassword, firstRealEmailBind); err != nil {
-		if err := s.bindEmailIdentityWithDefaultsTx(ctx, currentUser, normalizedEmail, hashedPassword); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		return currentUser, nil
@@ -137,14 +144,15 @@ func hasBindableEmailIdentitySubject(email string) bool {
 	return normalized != "" && !isReservedEmail(normalized)
 }
 
-func (s *AuthService) bindEmailIdentityWithDefaultsTx(
+func (s *AuthService) updateBoundEmailIdentityTx(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	currentUser *User,
 	email string,
 	hashedPassword string,
+	applyFirstBindDefaults bool,
 ) error {
 	if tx := dbent.TxFromContext(ctx); tx != nil {
-		return s.bindEmailIdentityWithDefaults(ctx, tx.Client(), currentUser, email, hashedPassword)
+		return s.updateBoundEmailIdentityWithClient(ctx, tx.Client(), currentUser, email, hashedPassword, applyFirstBindDefaults)
 	}
 
 	tx, err := s.entClient.Tx(ctx)
@@ -154,7 +162,7 @@ func (s *AuthService) bindEmailIdentityWithDefaultsTx(
 	defer func() { _ = tx.Rollback() }()
 
 	txCtx := dbent.NewTxContext(ctx, tx)
-	if err := s.bindEmailIdentityWithDefaults(txCtx, tx.Client(), currentUser, email, hashedPassword); err != nil {
+	if err := s.updateBoundEmailIdentityWithClient(txCtx, tx.Client(), currentUser, email, hashedPassword, applyFirstBindDefaults); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
@@ -163,12 +171,13 @@ func (s *AuthService) bindEmailIdentityWithDefaultsTx(
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *AuthService) bindEmailIdentityWithDefaults(
+func (s *AuthService) updateBoundEmailIdentityWithClient(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	client *dbent.Client,
 	currentUser *User,
 	email string,
 	hashedPassword string,
+	applyFirstBindDefaults bool,
 ) error {
 	if client == nil || currentUser == nil || currentUser.ID <= 0 {
 		return ErrServiceUnavailable
@@ -192,8 +201,10 @@ func (s *AuthService) bindEmailIdentityWithDefaults(
 		return ErrServiceUnavailable
 	}
 
-	if err := s.ApplyProviderDefaultSettingsOnFirstBind(ctx, currentUser.ID, "email"); err != nil {
+	if applyFirstBindDefaults {
-		return fmt.Errorf("apply email first bind defaults: %w", err)
+		if err := s.ApplyProviderDefaultSettingsOnFirstBind(ctx, currentUser.ID, "email"); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("apply email first bind defaults: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	updatedUser, err := client.User.Get(ctx, currentUser.ID)

backend/internal/service/auth_service_email_bind_test.go

@@ -285,6 +285,148 @@ func TestAuthServiceBindEmailIdentity_RejectsReservedEmail(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Nil(t, updatedUser)
 }
 
+func TestAuthServiceBindEmailIdentity_ReplacesBoundEmailAndSkipsFirstBindDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	assigner := &emailBindDefaultSubAssignerStub{}
+	cache := &emailBindCacheStub{
+		data: &service.VerificationCodeData{
+			Code:      "123456",
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			ExpiresAt: time.Now().UTC().Add(10 * time.Minute),
+		},
+	}
+	svc, _, client := newAuthServiceForEmailBind(t, map[string]string{
+		service.SettingKeyAuthSourceDefaultEmailBalance:          "8.5",
+		service.SettingKeyAuthSourceDefaultEmailConcurrency:      "4",
+		service.SettingKeyAuthSourceDefaultEmailSubscriptions:    `[{"group_id":11,"validity_days":30}]`,
+		service.SettingKeyAuthSourceDefaultEmailGrantOnFirstBind: "true",
+	}, cache, assigner)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	hashedPassword, err := svc.HashPassword("current-password")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	user, err := client.User.Create().
+		SetEmail("current@example.com").
+		SetUsername("bound-user").
+		SetPasswordHash(hashedPassword).
+		SetBalance(7.5).
+		SetConcurrency(3).
+		SetRole(service.RoleUser).
+		SetStatus(service.StatusActive).
+		Save(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, client.AuthIdentity.Create().
+		SetUserID(user.ID).
+		SetProviderType("email").
+		SetProviderKey("email").
+		SetProviderSubject("current@example.com").
+		SetVerifiedAt(time.Now().UTC()).
+		SetMetadata(map[string]any{"source": "test"}).
+		Exec(ctx))
+
+	updatedUser, err := svc.BindEmailIdentity(ctx, user.ID, "new@example.com", "123456", "current-password")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, updatedUser)
+	require.Equal(t, "new@example.com", updatedUser.Email)
+
+	storedUser, err := client.User.Get(ctx, user.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "new@example.com", storedUser.Email)
+	require.Equal(t, 7.5, storedUser.Balance)
+	require.Equal(t, 3, storedUser.Concurrency)
+	require.True(t, svc.CheckPassword("current-password", storedUser.PasswordHash))
+
+	newIdentityCount, err := client.AuthIdentity.Query().
+		Where(
+			authidentity.UserIDEQ(user.ID),
+			authidentity.ProviderTypeEQ("email"),
+			authidentity.ProviderKeyEQ("email"),
+			authidentity.ProviderSubjectEQ("new@example.com"),
+		).
+		Count(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, newIdentityCount)
+
+	oldIdentityCount, err := client.AuthIdentity.Query().
+		Where(
+			authidentity.UserIDEQ(user.ID),
+			authidentity.ProviderTypeEQ("email"),
+			authidentity.ProviderKeyEQ("email"),
+			authidentity.ProviderSubjectEQ("current@example.com"),
+		).
+		Count(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, oldIdentityCount)
+
+	require.Empty(t, assigner.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, countProviderGrantRecords(t, client, user.ID, "email", "first_bind"))
+}
+
+func TestAuthServiceBindEmailIdentity_RejectsWrongCurrentPasswordForBoundEmail(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := &emailBindCacheStub{
+		data: &service.VerificationCodeData{
+			Code:      "123456",
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			ExpiresAt: time.Now().UTC().Add(10 * time.Minute),
+		},
+	}
+	svc, _, client := newAuthServiceForEmailBind(t, nil, cache, nil)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	hashedPassword, err := svc.HashPassword("current-password")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	user, err := client.User.Create().
+		SetEmail("current@example.com").
+		SetUsername("bound-user").
+		SetPasswordHash(hashedPassword).
+		SetBalance(1).
+		SetConcurrency(1).
+		SetRole(service.RoleUser).
+		SetStatus(service.StatusActive).
+		Save(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, client.AuthIdentity.Create().
+		SetUserID(user.ID).
+		SetProviderType("email").
+		SetProviderKey("email").
+		SetProviderSubject("current@example.com").
+		SetVerifiedAt(time.Now().UTC()).
+		SetMetadata(map[string]any{"source": "test"}).
+		Exec(ctx))
+
+	updatedUser, err := svc.BindEmailIdentity(ctx, user.ID, "new@example.com", "123456", "wrong-password")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, service.ErrPasswordIncorrect)
+	require.Nil(t, updatedUser)
+
+	storedUser, err := client.User.Get(ctx, user.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "current@example.com", storedUser.Email)
+	require.True(t, svc.CheckPassword("current-password", storedUser.PasswordHash))
+
+	oldIdentityCount, err := client.AuthIdentity.Query().
+		Where(
+			authidentity.UserIDEQ(user.ID),
+			authidentity.ProviderTypeEQ("email"),
+			authidentity.ProviderKeyEQ("email"),
+			authidentity.ProviderSubjectEQ("current@example.com"),
+		).
+		Count(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, oldIdentityCount)
+
+	newIdentityCount, err := client.AuthIdentity.Query().
+		Where(
+			authidentity.UserIDEQ(user.ID),
+			authidentity.ProviderTypeEQ("email"),
+			authidentity.ProviderKeyEQ("email"),
+			authidentity.ProviderSubjectEQ("new@example.com"),
+		).
+		Count(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, newIdentityCount)
+}
+
 type emailBindSettingRepoStub struct {
 	values map[string]string
 }

frontend/src/components/user/profile/ProfileIdentityBindingsSection.vue

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
             </div>
 
             <div
-              v-if="item.provider === 'email' && !item.bound"
+              v-if="item.provider === 'email'"
               class="mt-3 grid gap-2 sm:grid-cols-[minmax(0,1.4fr)_auto]"
             >
               <input
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
                 data-testid="profile-binding-email-password-input"
                 type="password"
                 class="input"
-                :placeholder="t('profile.authBindings.passwordPlaceholder')"
+                :placeholder="emailPasswordPlaceholder"
                 :disabled="isBindingEmail"
               />
               <button
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
                 {{
                   isBindingEmail
                     ? t('common.loading')
-                    : t('profile.authBindings.confirmEmailBindAction')
+                    : emailSubmitActionLabel
                 }}
               </button>
             </div>
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ watch(
   () => props.user,
   (user) => {
     localUser.value = null
-    if (!user || getBindingStatusForUser(user, 'email')) {
+    if (!user) {
       return
     }
     if (typeof user.email === 'string' && !user.email.endsWith('.invalid')) {
@@ -171,6 +171,17 @@ watch(
 )
 
 const currentUser = computed(() => localUser.value ?? props.user)
+const emailBound = computed(() => getBindingStatus('email'))
+const emailPasswordPlaceholder = computed(() =>
+  emailBound.value
+    ? t('profile.authBindings.replaceEmailPasswordPlaceholder')
+    : t('profile.authBindings.passwordPlaceholder')
+)
+const emailSubmitActionLabel = computed(() =>
+  emailBound.value
+    ? t('profile.authBindings.confirmEmailReplaceAction')
+    : t('profile.authBindings.confirmEmailBindAction')
+)
 
 const wechatOAuthSettings = computed<WeChatOAuthPublicSettings | null>(() => {
   if (hasExplicitWeChatOAuthCapabilities(appStore.cachedPublicSettings)) {
@@ -286,7 +297,7 @@ function validateEmailBindingForm(requireCode: boolean): boolean {
     appStore.showError(t('auth.passwordRequired'))
     return false
   }
-  if (requireCode && emailBindingForm.password.length < 6) {
+  if (requireCode && !emailBound.value && emailBindingForm.password.length < 6) {
     appStore.showError(t('auth.passwordMinLength'))
     return false
   }
@@ -321,10 +332,15 @@ async function bindEmail(): Promise<void> {
       verify_code: emailBindingForm.verifyCode,
       password: emailBindingForm.password,
     })
+    const replacingBoundEmail = emailBound.value
     applyUpdatedUser(user)
     emailBindingForm.verifyCode = ''
     emailBindingForm.password = ''
-    appStore.showSuccess(t('profile.authBindings.bindSuccess'))
+    appStore.showSuccess(
+      replacingBoundEmail
+        ? t('profile.authBindings.replaceSuccess')
+        : t('profile.authBindings.bindSuccess')
+    )
   } catch (error) {
     appStore.showError((error as { message?: string }).message || t('common.tryAgain'))
   } finally {

frontend/src/components/user/profile/__tests__/ProfileIdentityBindingsSection.spec.ts

@@ -51,10 +51,14 @@ vi.mock('vue-i18n', async (importOriginal) => {
         if (key === 'profile.authBindings.emailPlaceholder') return 'Email address'
         if (key === 'profile.authBindings.codePlaceholder') return 'Verification code'
         if (key === 'profile.authBindings.passwordPlaceholder') return 'Set password'
+        if (key === 'profile.authBindings.replaceEmailPasswordPlaceholder')
+          return 'Current password'
         if (key === 'profile.authBindings.sendCodeAction') return 'Send code'
         if (key === 'profile.authBindings.confirmEmailBindAction') return 'Bind email'
+        if (key === 'profile.authBindings.confirmEmailReplaceAction') return 'Replace primary email'
         if (key === 'profile.authBindings.codeSentTo') return `Code sent to ${params?.email || ''}`.trim()
         if (key === 'profile.authBindings.bindSuccess') return 'Bind success'
+        if (key === 'profile.authBindings.replaceSuccess') return 'Primary email updated'
         return key
       },
     }),
@@ -324,4 +328,68 @@ describe('ProfileIdentityBindingsSection', () => {
     expect(wrapper.get('[data-testid="profile-binding-email-status"]').text()).toBe('Not bound')
     expect(wrapper.get('[data-testid="profile-binding-email-input"]').exists()).toBe(true)
   })
+
+  it('keeps the email form available for replacing a bound primary email', async () => {
+    userApiMocks.sendEmailBindingCode.mockResolvedValue(undefined)
+    userApiMocks.bindEmailIdentity.mockResolvedValue(
+      createUser({
+        email: 'new@example.com',
+        email_bound: true,
+        auth_bindings: {
+          email: { bound: true },
+        },
+      })
+    )
+
+    const appStore = useAppStore()
+    const authStore = useAuthStore()
+    authStore.user = createUser({
+      email: 'current@example.com',
+      email_bound: true,
+      auth_bindings: {
+        email: { bound: true },
+      },
+    })
+    const showSuccessSpy = vi.spyOn(appStore, 'showSuccess')
+
+    const wrapper = mount(ProfileIdentityBindingsSection, {
+      global: {
+        plugins: [pinia],
+      },
+      props: {
+        user: authStore.user,
+        linuxdoEnabled: false,
+        oidcEnabled: false,
+        wechatEnabled: false,
+      },
+    })
+
+    expect(wrapper.get('[data-testid="profile-binding-email-status"]').text()).toBe('Bound')
+    expect(wrapper.get('[data-testid="profile-binding-email-input"]').exists()).toBe(true)
+    expect(wrapper.get('[data-testid="profile-binding-email-submit"]').text()).toBe(
+      'Replace primary email'
+    )
+    expect(
+      (wrapper.get('[data-testid="profile-binding-email-password-input"]').element as HTMLInputElement)
+        .placeholder
+    ).toBe('Current password')
+
+    await wrapper.get('[data-testid="profile-binding-email-input"]').setValue('new@example.com')
+    await wrapper.get('[data-testid="profile-binding-email-send-code"]').trigger('click')
+    expect(userApiMocks.sendEmailBindingCode).toHaveBeenCalledWith('new@example.com')
+
+    await wrapper.get('[data-testid="profile-binding-email-code-input"]').setValue('123456')
+    await wrapper.get('[data-testid="profile-binding-email-password-input"]').setValue(
+      'current-password'
+    )
+    await wrapper.get('[data-testid="profile-binding-email-submit"]').trigger('click')
+
+    expect(userApiMocks.bindEmailIdentity).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      email: 'new@example.com',
+      verify_code: '123456',
+      password: 'current-password',
+    })
+    expect(authStore.user?.email).toBe('new@example.com')
+    expect(showSuccessSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Primary email updated')
+  })
 })

frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts

@@ -967,9 +967,12 @@ export default {
       emailPlaceholder: 'Enter email address',
       codePlaceholder: 'Enter verification code',
       passwordPlaceholder: 'Set a login password',
+      replaceEmailPasswordPlaceholder: 'Enter current password',
       sendCodeAction: 'Send code',
       confirmEmailBindAction: 'Bind email',
+      confirmEmailReplaceAction: 'Replace primary email',
       codeSentTo: 'Code sent to {email}',
+      replaceSuccess: 'Primary email updated',
       status: {
         bound: 'Bound',
         notBound: 'Not bound',

frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts

@@ -971,9 +971,12 @@ export default {
       emailPlaceholder: '输入邮箱地址',
       codePlaceholder: '输入验证码',
       passwordPlaceholder: '设置登录密码',
+      replaceEmailPasswordPlaceholder: '输入当前密码',
       sendCodeAction: '发送验证码',
       confirmEmailBindAction: '绑定邮箱',
+      confirmEmailReplaceAction: '更换主邮箱',
       codeSentTo: '验证码已发送到 {email}',
+      replaceSuccess: '主邮箱已更新',
       status: {
         bound: '已绑定',
         notBound: '未绑定',