refactor(数据库): 迁移持久层到 Ent 并清理 GORM

将仓储层/基础设施改为 Ent + 原生 SQL 执行路径，并移除 AutoMigrate 与 GORM 依赖。
重构内容包括：
- 仓储层改用 Ent/SQL（含 usage_log/account 等复杂查询），统一错误映射
- 基础设施与 setup 初始化切换为 Ent + SQL migrations
- 集成测试与 fixtures 迁移到 Ent 事务模型
- 清理遗留 GORM 模型/依赖，补充迁移与文档说明
- 增加根目录 Makefile 便于前后端编译

测试：
- go test -tags unit ./...
- go test -tags integration ./...

backend/ent/schema/redeem_code.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package schema
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/entsql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/edge"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/index"
+)
+
+// RedeemCode holds the schema definition for the RedeemCode entity.
+type RedeemCode struct {
+	ent.Schema
+}
+
+func (RedeemCode) Annotations() []schema.Annotation {
+	return []schema.Annotation{
+		entsql.Annotation{Table: "redeem_codes"},
+	}
+}
+
+func (RedeemCode) Fields() []ent.Field {
+	return []ent.Field{
+		field.String("code").
+			MaxLen(32).
+			NotEmpty().
+			Unique(),
+		field.String("type").
+			MaxLen(20).
+			Default(service.RedeemTypeBalance),
+		field.Float("value").
+			SchemaType(map[string]string{dialect.Postgres: "decimal(20,8)"}).
+			Default(0),
+		field.String("status").
+			MaxLen(20).
+			Default(service.StatusUnused),
+		field.Int64("used_by").
+			Optional().
+			Nillable(),
+		field.Time("used_at").
+			Optional().
+			Nillable().
+			SchemaType(map[string]string{dialect.Postgres: "timestamptz"}),
+		field.String("notes").
+			Optional().
+			Nillable().
+			SchemaType(map[string]string{dialect.Postgres: "text"}),
+		field.Time("created_at").
+			Immutable().
+			Default(time.Now).
+			SchemaType(map[string]string{dialect.Postgres: "timestamptz"}),
+		field.Int64("group_id").
+			Optional().
+			Nillable(),
+		field.Int("validity_days").
+			Default(30),
+	}
+}
+
+func (RedeemCode) Edges() []ent.Edge {
+	return []ent.Edge{
+		edge.From("user", User.Type).
+			Ref("redeem_codes").
+			Field("used_by").
+			Unique(),
+		edge.From("group", Group.Type).
+			Ref("redeem_codes").
+			Field("group_id").
+			Unique(),
+	}
+}
+
+func (RedeemCode) Indexes() []ent.Index {
+	return []ent.Index{
+		index.Fields("code").Unique(),
+		index.Fields("status"),
+		index.Fields("used_by"),
+		index.Fields("group_id"),
+	}
+}