refactor(channels): consolidate pricing index, tighten types, polish DTOs

Follow-up to the available-channels review pass. No behavior change for
end users; tightens internals based on three independent code reviews.

Backend
- service/channel.go: collapse buildPricingLookup + pricedNamesFor
  into a single platformPricingIndex (byLower + originalCase + ordered
  names), built once per SupportedModels call. Fixes a casing-
  consistency bug where the same logical model appeared with mapping
  case in the exact branch but pricing case in the wildcard branch —
  pricing's original case now wins everywhere.
- service/channel.go: doc that a mapping key of just "*" expands to
  every priced model on the platform (intentional "passthrough all").
- service/channel_available.go: normalize empty BillingModelSource to
  channel_mapped at construction time, removing the same fallback
  duplicated in the admin DTO mapper and the admin Vue template.
- handler/admin/available_channel_handler.go: unexport
  availableChannelToAdminResponse (same-package usage only); mapper
  is now a pure passthrough.
- handler/available_channel_handler.go: drop the middleware2 alias
  (no name collision in this file).

Frontend
- utils/pricing.ts: extract formatScaled, used by SupportedModelChip
  and PricingRow.
- api/admin/channels.ts: re-export BillingMode from constants/channel;
  tighten Channel.status / billing_model_source to ChannelStatus /
  BillingModelSource (and same for AvailableChannel).
- components/channels/AvailableChannelsTable.vue: drop dead
  withDefaults wrapper (loading is required, both call sites pass it).
- views/admin/AvailableChannelsView.vue: drop the redundant
  || BILLING_MODEL_SOURCE_CHANNEL_MAPPED fallback (now applied in
  service layer); remove unused import.
- i18n zh + en: delete unused tierLabel and tokenRange keys from
  both availableChannels.pricing and admin.availableChannels.pricing.

Tests
- New: SupportedModels_ExactKeyUsesPricedCaseWhenAvailable locks the
  pricing-case-wins rule.
- New: SupportedModels_AsteriskOnlyMappingExpandsAllPriced documents
  the "*" expansion rule.
- Admin handler: existing tests adjusted to pass an explicit
  BillingModelSource (default-fill is now exercised by service tests).

backend/internal/handler/admin/available_channel_handler.go

@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ type availableChannelResponse struct {
 	SupportedModels    []supportedModelResponse `json:"supported_models"`
 }
 
-// AvailableChannelToAdminResponse 将 service 层的 AvailableChannel 转为管理员 DTO。
-// 导出供同 package 的复用；也用于构造测试 fixture。
-func AvailableChannelToAdminResponse(ch service.AvailableChannel) availableChannelResponse {
+// availableChannelToAdminResponse 将 service 层的 AvailableChannel 转为管理员 DTO。
+// 同 package 内复用；也用于构造测试 fixture。
+func availableChannelToAdminResponse(ch service.AvailableChannel) availableChannelResponse {
 	groups := make([]availableGroupResponse, 0, len(ch.Groups))
 	for _, g := range ch.Groups {
 		groups = append(groups, availableGroupResponse{ID: g.ID, Name: g.Name, Platform: g.Platform})
@@ -66,16 +66,12 @@ func AvailableChannelToAdminResponse(ch service.AvailableChannel) availableChann
 			Pricing:  pricing,
 		})
 	}
-	billingSource := ch.BillingModelSource
-	if billingSource == "" {
-		billingSource = service.BillingModelSourceChannelMapped
-	}
 	return availableChannelResponse{
 		ID:                 ch.ID,
 		Name:               ch.Name,
 		Description:        ch.Description,
 		Status:             ch.Status,
-		BillingModelSource: billingSource,
+		BillingModelSource: ch.BillingModelSource,
 		RestrictModels:     ch.RestrictModels,
 		Groups:             groups,
 		SupportedModels:    models,
@@ -93,7 +89,7 @@ func (h *AvailableChannelHandler) List(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	out := make([]availableChannelResponse, 0, len(channels))
 	for _, ch := range channels {
-		out = append(out, AvailableChannelToAdminResponse(ch))
+		out = append(out, availableChannelToAdminResponse(ch))
 	}
 	response.Success(c, gin.H{"items": out})
 }

backend/internal/handler/admin/available_channel_handler_test.go

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ import (
 
 func TestAvailableChannelToAdminResponse_IncludesFullDTO(t *testing.T) {
 	// 管理员视图应包含 id / status / billing_model_source / restrict_models 等
-	// 管理字段；BillingModelSource 为空时应默认回填 channel_mapped。
+	// 管理字段；mapper 是纯透传，BillingModelSource 的默认回填由 service 层负责。
 	input := service.AvailableChannel{
 		ID:                 42,
 		Name:               "ch",
 		Description:        "d",
 		Status:             service.StatusActive,
-		BillingModelSource: "", // 验证默认值填充
+		BillingModelSource: service.BillingModelSourceChannelMapped,
 		RestrictModels:     true,
 		Groups: []service.AvailableGroupRef{
 			{ID: 1, Name: "g1", Platform: "anthropic"},
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func TestAvailableChannelToAdminResponse_IncludesFullDTO(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	resp := AvailableChannelToAdminResponse(input)
+	resp := availableChannelToAdminResponse(input)
 	require.Equal(t, int64(42), resp.ID)
 	require.Equal(t, "ch", resp.Name)
 	require.Equal(t, service.StatusActive, resp.Status)
@@ -52,6 +52,6 @@ func TestAvailableChannelToAdminResponse_PreservesExplicitBillingSource(t *testi
 	input := service.AvailableChannel{
 		BillingModelSource: service.BillingModelSourceUpstream,
 	}
-	resp := AvailableChannelToAdminResponse(input)
+	resp := availableChannelToAdminResponse(input)
 	require.Equal(t, service.BillingModelSourceUpstream, resp.BillingModelSource)
 }

backend/internal/handler/available_channel_handler.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package handler
 
 import (
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/response"
-	middleware2 "github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/server/middleware"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/server/middleware"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ type userAvailableChannel struct {
 // List 列出当前用户可见的「可用渠道」。
 // GET /api/v1/channels/available
 func (h *AvailableChannelHandler) List(c *gin.Context) {
-	subject, ok := middleware2.GetAuthSubjectFromContext(c)
+	subject, ok := middleware.GetAuthSubjectFromContext(c)
 	if !ok {
 		response.Unauthorized(c, "User not authenticated")
 		return

backend/internal/service/channel.go

@@ -391,59 +391,50 @@ func (c *Channel) GetModelPricingByPlatform(platform, model string) *ChannelMode
 	return nil
 }
 
-// pricingLookup 是渠道定价在单个计算过程中的索引：platform → (lowerName → *pricing)。
-// 用于将 SupportedModels 的定价解析从 O(N*M) 降到 O(N+M)。
-type pricingLookup map[string]map[string]*ChannelModelPricing
+// platformPricingIndex 是单个平台下定价信息的复合索引。
+// 一次扫描即可同时支持精确查找（exact 分支）与有序遍历（wildcard 分支），
+// 避免 SupportedModels 对每个平台重复扫描定价列表。
+//
+// byLower 与 names/originalCase 共享同一套去重规则：以 lower-case 模型名为 key，
+// 首个命中保留其原始大小写。names 维持按定价行扫描顺序的稳定迭代。
+type platformPricingIndex struct {
+	byLower      map[string]*ChannelModelPricing // lowercased model name → pricing (Clone'd)
+	originalCase map[string]string               // lowercased model name → original-case model name
+	names        []string                        // priced model names in their ORIGINAL case, insertion-ordered, deduped case-insensitively (first wins)
+}
 
-// buildPricingLookup 对渠道的定价列表做一次扫描，生成 platform+模型名 的索引。
+// buildPricingIndex 对渠道的定价列表做一次扫描，按 platform 聚合为查找索引。
 // 索引值是定价条目的 Clone 指针，调用方可安全按需返回副本而不污染缓存。
-// wildcard 后缀（如 "claude-*"）不会被索引（它们不是精确模型名）。
-func buildPricingLookup(pricings []ChannelModelPricing) pricingLookup {
-	lookup := make(pricingLookup, len(pricings))
+// 通配符后缀条目（如 "claude-*"）不被索引（它们是模式，不是具体模型名）。
+// 同一平台中以大小写不敏感方式去重，先出现者保留原始大小写。
+func buildPricingIndex(pricings []ChannelModelPricing) map[string]*platformPricingIndex {
+	idx := make(map[string]*platformPricingIndex)
 	for i := range pricings {
 		p := pricings[i]
-		byModel, ok := lookup[p.Platform]
+		pidx, ok := idx[p.Platform]
 		if !ok {
-			byModel = make(map[string]*ChannelModelPricing, len(p.Models))
-			lookup[p.Platform] = byModel
+			pidx = &platformPricingIndex{
+				byLower:      make(map[string]*ChannelModelPricing),
+				originalCase: make(map[string]string),
+				names:        make([]string, 0),
+			}
+			idx[p.Platform] = pidx
 		}
 		for _, m := range p.Models {
 			if _, wild := splitWildcardSuffix(m); wild {
 				continue
 			}
 			lower := strings.ToLower(m)
-			if _, exists := byModel[lower]; exists {
-				continue // 首个命中胜出（保持 case-insensitive 去重后第一个定价）
+			if _, exists := pidx.byLower[lower]; exists {
+				continue // 首个命中胜出（case-insensitive 去重后第一个定价 / 第一个原始大小写）
 			}
 			cp := pricings[i].Clone()
-			byModel[lower] = &cp
+			pidx.byLower[lower] = &cp
+			pidx.originalCase[lower] = m
+			pidx.names = append(pidx.names, m)
 		}
 	}
-	return lookup
-}
-
-// pricedNamesFor 返回指定平台下已索引的精确模型名（保留原始大小写，按添加顺序）。
-// 它是从 pricingLookup 中取 keys 并回查原始 ModelPricing 以得到原样字符串。
-func pricedNamesFor(pricings []ChannelModelPricing, platform string) []string {
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
-	out := make([]string, 0)
-	for i := range pricings {
-		if pricings[i].Platform != platform {
-			continue
-		}
-		for _, m := range pricings[i].Models {
-			if _, wild := splitWildcardSuffix(m); wild {
-				continue
-			}
-			lower := strings.ToLower(m)
-			if _, ok := seen[lower]; ok {
-				continue
-			}
-			seen[lower] = struct{}{}
-			out = append(out, m)
-		}
-	}
-	return out
+	return idx
 }
 
 // SupportedModels 计算渠道的支持模型列表，结果保证不含通配符。
@@ -452,16 +443,19 @@ func pricedNamesFor(pricings []ChannelModelPricing, platform string) []string {
 //   - 遍历 Channel.ModelMapping 的每个 platform 条目；
 //   - 映射 key 不带尾部 "*"：直接作为一个支持模型名（即使没有匹配的定价行，也会产出 Pricing=nil 的条目）；
 //   - 映射 key 带尾部 "*"：用同 platform 的 ModelPricing.Models 做前缀匹配展开（定价中带 "*" 的条目被忽略，因为它们本身就是模式，不是具体模型名）；
+//   - 映射 key 为 `"*"`（单独一个星号）将展开为该平台所有定价模型（前缀为空 → 全匹配）。这是刻意行为，用于"将该平台所有模型透传"的场景；
 //   - 未在 ModelMapping 中出现的 platform 不会产出任何条目——这是**刻意设计**（"没配映射就不显示"），即使该平台有定价行。
 //
-// 每个结果尝试从 pricingLookup（平台+模型名索引）查找精确定价，未配置则 Pricing=nil。
+// 当映射 key（exact 或 wildcard 展开后的候选）能命中定价时，结果中的 Name 使用**定价的原始大小写**
+// （定价是模型身份的事实来源），否则保留映射 key 的原始大小写。
+// 每个结果尝试从 platform 索引查找精确定价，未配置则 Pricing=nil。
 // 结果按 (Platform, Name) 稳定排序，并按 (Platform, lowercase(Name)) 去重。
 func (c *Channel) SupportedModels() []SupportedModel {
 	if c == nil || len(c.ModelMapping) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	lookup := buildPricingLookup(c.ModelPricing)
+	idx := buildPricingIndex(c.ModelPricing)
 
 	type dedupKey struct {
 		platform string
@@ -470,20 +464,23 @@ func (c *Channel) SupportedModels() []SupportedModel {
 	seen := make(map[dedupKey]struct{})
 	result := make([]SupportedModel, 0)
 
-	add := func(platform, name string) {
+	add := func(platform, name string, pidx *platformPricingIndex) {
 		key := dedupKey{platform: platform, name: strings.ToLower(name)}
 		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
 			return
 		}
 		seen[key] = struct{}{}
 		var pricing *ChannelModelPricing
-		if byModel, ok := lookup[platform]; ok {
-			if p, ok := byModel[strings.ToLower(name)]; ok {
+		displayName := name
+		if pidx != nil {
+			lower := strings.ToLower(name)
+			if p, ok := pidx.byLower[lower]; ok {
 				pricing = p
+				displayName = pidx.originalCase[lower] // 定价大小写胜出
 			}
 		}
 		result = append(result, SupportedModel{
-			Name:     name,
+			Name:     displayName,
 			Platform: platform,
 			Pricing:  pricing,
 		})
@@ -493,19 +490,22 @@ func (c *Channel) SupportedModels() []SupportedModel {
 		if len(mapping) == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-		pricedNames := pricedNamesFor(c.ModelPricing, platform)
+		pidx := idx[platform] // 可能为 nil（该平台无定价行）
 		for src := range mapping {
 			prefix, isWild := splitWildcardSuffix(src)
 			if isWild {
+				if pidx == nil {
+					continue
+				}
 				prefixLower := strings.ToLower(prefix)
-				for _, candidate := range pricedNames {
+				for _, candidate := range pidx.names {
 					if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(candidate), prefixLower) {
-						add(platform, candidate)
+						add(platform, candidate, pidx)
 					}
 				}
 				continue
 			}
-			add(platform, src)
+			add(platform, src, pidx)
 		}
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/channel_available.go

@@ -65,12 +65,17 @@ func (s *ChannelService) ListAvailable(ctx context.Context) ([]AvailableChannel,
 		}
 		sort.Slice(groups, func(i, j int) bool { return groups[i].Name < groups[j].Name })
 
+		billingSource := ch.BillingModelSource
+		if billingSource == "" {
+			billingSource = BillingModelSourceChannelMapped
+		}
+
 		out = append(out, AvailableChannel{
 			ID:                 ch.ID,
 			Name:               ch.Name,
 			Description:        ch.Description,
 			Status:             ch.Status,
-			BillingModelSource: ch.BillingModelSource,
+			BillingModelSource: billingSource,
 			RestrictModels:     ch.RestrictModels,
 			Groups:             groups,
 			SupportedModels:    ch.SupportedModels(),

backend/internal/service/channel_test.go

@@ -637,3 +637,34 @@ func TestSupportedModels_EmptyPlatformMapping(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	require.Empty(t, ch.SupportedModels())
 }
+
+func TestSupportedModels_ExactKeyUsesPricedCaseWhenAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	// mapping key uses uppercase, pricing uses lowercase — pricing's case should win.
+	ch := &Channel{
+		ModelPricing: []ChannelModelPricing{
+			{ID: 1, Platform: "openai", Models: []string{"gpt-4o"}},
+		},
+		ModelMapping: map[string]map[string]string{
+			"openai": {"GPT-4o": "gpt-4o"},
+		},
+	}
+	got := ch.SupportedModels()
+	require.Len(t, got, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, "gpt-4o", got[0].Name) // pricing's case wins
+}
+
+func TestSupportedModels_AsteriskOnlyMappingExpandsAllPriced(t *testing.T) {
+	// 映射 key 为单独的 "*"：前缀为空 → 命中该平台所有定价模型（透传场景）。
+	ch := &Channel{
+		ModelPricing: []ChannelModelPricing{
+			{ID: 1, Platform: "openai", Models: []string{"gpt-4o", "gpt-4o-mini"}},
+		},
+		ModelMapping: map[string]map[string]string{
+			"openai": {"*": "gpt-4o"},
+		},
+	}
+	got := ch.SupportedModels()
+	require.Len(t, got, 2)
+	names := []string{got[0].Name, got[1].Name}
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"gpt-4o", "gpt-4o-mini"}, names)
+}