feat: auto-pause expired accounts

2026-01-07 16:59:35 +08:00
parent d5ba7b80d3
commit 2b528c5f81
32 changed files with 1062 additions and 156 deletions
--- a/backend/cmd/server/wire.go
+++ b/backend/cmd/server/wire.go
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ func provideCleanup(
 	entClient *ent.Client,
 	rdb *redis.Client,
 	tokenRefresh *service.TokenRefreshService,
+	accountExpiry *service.AccountExpiryService,
 	pricing *service.PricingService,
 	emailQueue *service.EmailQueueService,
 	billingCache *service.BillingCacheService,
@@ -84,6 +85,10 @@ func provideCleanup(
 				tokenRefresh.Stop()
 				return nil
 			}},
+			{"AccountExpiryService", func() error {
+				accountExpiry.Stop()
+				return nil
+			}},
 			{"PricingService", func() error {
 				pricing.Stop()
 				return nil
--- a/backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go
+++ b/backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	geminiOAuthClient := repository.NewGeminiOAuthClient(configConfig)
 	geminiCliCodeAssistClient := repository.NewGeminiCliCodeAssistClient()
 	geminiOAuthService := service.NewGeminiOAuthService(proxyRepository, geminiOAuthClient, geminiCliCodeAssistClient, configConfig)
+	antigravityOAuthService := service.NewAntigravityOAuthService(proxyRepository)
 	geminiQuotaService := service.NewGeminiQuotaService(configConfig, settingRepository)
 	tempUnschedCache := repository.NewTempUnschedCache(redisClient)
 	rateLimitService := service.NewRateLimitService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, configConfig, geminiQuotaService, tempUnschedCache)
@@ -97,13 +98,12 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	geminiTokenCache := repository.NewGeminiTokenCache(redisClient)
 	geminiTokenProvider := service.NewGeminiTokenProvider(accountRepository, geminiTokenCache, geminiOAuthService)
 	gatewayCache := repository.NewGatewayCache(redisClient)
-	antigravityOAuthService := service.NewAntigravityOAuthService(proxyRepository)
 	antigravityTokenProvider := service.NewAntigravityTokenProvider(accountRepository, geminiTokenCache, antigravityOAuthService)
 	httpUpstream := repository.NewHTTPUpstream(configConfig)
 	antigravityGatewayService := service.NewAntigravityGatewayService(accountRepository, gatewayCache, antigravityTokenProvider, rateLimitService, httpUpstream, settingService)
 	accountTestService := service.NewAccountTestService(accountRepository, geminiTokenProvider, antigravityGatewayService, httpUpstream, configConfig)
 	concurrencyCache := repository.ProvideConcurrencyCache(redisClient, configConfig)
-	concurrencyService := service.NewConcurrencyService(concurrencyCache)
+	concurrencyService := service.ProvideConcurrencyService(concurrencyCache, accountRepository, configConfig)
 	crsSyncService := service.NewCRSSyncService(accountRepository, proxyRepository, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, configConfig)
 	accountHandler := admin.NewAccountHandler(adminService, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService, rateLimitService, accountUsageService, accountTestService, concurrencyService, crsSyncService)
 	oAuthHandler := admin.NewOAuthHandler(oAuthService)
@@ -148,7 +148,8 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	engine := server.ProvideRouter(configConfig, handlers, jwtAuthMiddleware, adminAuthMiddleware, apiKeyAuthMiddleware, apiKeyService, subscriptionService)
 	httpServer := server.ProvideHTTPServer(configConfig, engine)
 	tokenRefreshService := service.ProvideTokenRefreshService(accountRepository, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService, configConfig)
-	v := provideCleanup(client, redisClient, tokenRefreshService, pricingService, emailQueueService, billingCacheService, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService)
+	accountExpiryService := service.ProvideAccountExpiryService(accountRepository)
+	v := provideCleanup(client, redisClient, tokenRefreshService, accountExpiryService, pricingService, emailQueueService, billingCacheService, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService)
 	application := &Application{
 		Server:  httpServer,
 		Cleanup: v,
@@ -174,6 +175,7 @@ func provideCleanup(
 	entClient *ent.Client,
 	rdb *redis.Client,
 	tokenRefresh *service.TokenRefreshService,
+	accountExpiry *service.AccountExpiryService,
 	pricing *service.PricingService,
 	emailQueue *service.EmailQueueService,
 	billingCache *service.BillingCacheService,
@@ -194,6 +196,10 @@ func provideCleanup(
 				tokenRefresh.Stop()
 				return nil
 			}},
+			{"AccountExpiryService", func() error {
+				accountExpiry.Stop()
+				return nil
+			}},
 			{"PricingService", func() error {
 				pricing.Stop()
 				return nil
--- a/backend/ent/account.go
+++ b/backend/ent/account.go
@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@ type Account struct {
 	ErrorMessage *string `json:"error_message,omitempty"`
 	// LastUsedAt holds the value of the "last_used_at" field.
 	LastUsedAt *time.Time `json:"last_used_at,omitempty"`
+	// Account expiration time (NULL means no expiration).
+	ExpiresAt *time.Time `json:"expires_at,omitempty"`
+	// Auto pause scheduling when account expires.
+	AutoPauseOnExpired bool `json:"auto_pause_on_expired,omitempty"`
 	// Schedulable holds the value of the "schedulable" field.
 	Schedulable bool `json:"schedulable,omitempty"`
 	// RateLimitedAt holds the value of the "rate_limited_at" field.
@@ -129,13 +133,13 @@ func (*Account) scanValues(columns []string) ([]any, error) {
 		switch columns[i] {
 		case account.FieldCredentials, account.FieldExtra:
 			values[i] = new([]byte)
-		case account.FieldSchedulable:
+		case account.FieldAutoPauseOnExpired, account.FieldSchedulable:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullBool)
 		case account.FieldID, account.FieldProxyID, account.FieldConcurrency, account.FieldPriority:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullInt64)
 		case account.FieldName, account.FieldNotes, account.FieldPlatform, account.FieldType, account.FieldStatus, account.FieldErrorMessage, account.FieldSessionWindowStatus:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullString)
-		case account.FieldCreatedAt, account.FieldUpdatedAt, account.FieldDeletedAt, account.FieldLastUsedAt, account.FieldRateLimitedAt, account.FieldRateLimitResetAt, account.FieldOverloadUntil, account.FieldSessionWindowStart, account.FieldSessionWindowEnd:
+		case account.FieldCreatedAt, account.FieldUpdatedAt, account.FieldDeletedAt, account.FieldLastUsedAt, account.FieldExpiresAt, account.FieldRateLimitedAt, account.FieldRateLimitResetAt, account.FieldOverloadUntil, account.FieldSessionWindowStart, account.FieldSessionWindowEnd:
 			values[i] = new(sql.NullTime)
 		default:
 			values[i] = new(sql.UnknownType)
@@ -257,6 +261,19 @@ func (_m *Account) assignValues(columns []string, values []any) error {
 				_m.LastUsedAt = new(time.Time)
 				*_m.LastUsedAt = value.Time
 			}
+		case account.FieldExpiresAt:
+			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullTime); !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field expires_at", values[i])
+			} else if value.Valid {
+				_m.ExpiresAt = new(time.Time)
+				*_m.ExpiresAt = value.Time
+			}
+		case account.FieldAutoPauseOnExpired:
+			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullBool); !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field auto_pause_on_expired", values[i])
+			} else if value.Valid {
+				_m.AutoPauseOnExpired = value.Bool
+			}
 		case account.FieldSchedulable:
 			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullBool); !ok {
 				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field schedulable", values[i])
@@ -416,6 +433,14 @@ func (_m *Account) String() string {
 		builder.WriteString(v.Format(time.ANSIC))
 	}
 	builder.WriteString(", ")
+	if v := _m.ExpiresAt; v != nil {
+		builder.WriteString("expires_at=")
+		builder.WriteString(v.Format(time.ANSIC))
+	}
+	builder.WriteString(", ")
+	builder.WriteString("auto_pause_on_expired=")
+	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", _m.AutoPauseOnExpired))
+	builder.WriteString(", ")
 	builder.WriteString("schedulable=")
 	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", _m.Schedulable))
 	builder.WriteString(", ")
--- a/backend/ent/account/account.go
+++ b/backend/ent/account/account.go
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ const (
 	FieldErrorMessage = "error_message"
 	// FieldLastUsedAt holds the string denoting the last_used_at field in the database.
 	FieldLastUsedAt = "last_used_at"
+	// FieldExpiresAt holds the string denoting the expires_at field in the database.
+	FieldExpiresAt = "expires_at"
+	// FieldAutoPauseOnExpired holds the string denoting the auto_pause_on_expired field in the database.
+	FieldAutoPauseOnExpired = "auto_pause_on_expired"
 	// FieldSchedulable holds the string denoting the schedulable field in the database.
 	FieldSchedulable = "schedulable"
 	// FieldRateLimitedAt holds the string denoting the rate_limited_at field in the database.
@@ -115,6 +119,8 @@ var Columns = []string{
 	FieldStatus,
 	FieldErrorMessage,
 	FieldLastUsedAt,
+	FieldExpiresAt,
+	FieldAutoPauseOnExpired,
 	FieldSchedulable,
 	FieldRateLimitedAt,
 	FieldRateLimitResetAt,
@@ -172,6 +178,8 @@ var (
 	DefaultStatus string
 	// StatusValidator is a validator for the "status" field. It is called by the builders before save.
 	StatusValidator func(string) error
+	// DefaultAutoPauseOnExpired holds the default value on creation for the "auto_pause_on_expired" field.
+	DefaultAutoPauseOnExpired bool
 	// DefaultSchedulable holds the default value on creation for the "schedulable" field.
 	DefaultSchedulable bool
 	// SessionWindowStatusValidator is a validator for the "session_window_status" field. It is called by the builders before save.
@@ -251,6 +259,16 @@ func ByLastUsedAt(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
 	return sql.OrderByField(FieldLastUsedAt, opts...).ToFunc()
 }

+// ByExpiresAt orders the results by the expires_at field.
+func ByExpiresAt(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
+	return sql.OrderByField(FieldExpiresAt, opts...).ToFunc()
+}
+
+// ByAutoPauseOnExpired orders the results by the auto_pause_on_expired field.
+func ByAutoPauseOnExpired(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
+	return sql.OrderByField(FieldAutoPauseOnExpired, opts...).ToFunc()
+}
+
 // BySchedulable orders the results by the schedulable field.
 func BySchedulable(opts ...sql.OrderTermOption) OrderOption {
 	return sql.OrderByField(FieldSchedulable, opts...).ToFunc()
--- a/backend/ent/account/where.go
+++ b/backend/ent/account/where.go
@@ -120,6 +120,16 @@ func LastUsedAt(v time.Time) predicate.Account {
 	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldLastUsedAt, v))
 }

+// ExpiresAt applies equality check predicate on the "expires_at" field. It's identical to ExpiresAtEQ.
+func ExpiresAt(v time.Time) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldExpiresAt, v))
+}
+
+// AutoPauseOnExpired applies equality check predicate on the "auto_pause_on_expired" field. It's identical to AutoPauseOnExpiredEQ.
+func AutoPauseOnExpired(v bool) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldAutoPauseOnExpired, v))
+}
+
 // Schedulable applies equality check predicate on the "schedulable" field. It's identical to SchedulableEQ.
 func Schedulable(v bool) predicate.Account {
 	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldSchedulable, v))
@@ -855,6 +865,66 @@ func LastUsedAtNotNil() predicate.Account {
 	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldNotNull(FieldLastUsedAt))
 }

+// ExpiresAtEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "expires_at" field.
+func ExpiresAtEQ(v time.Time) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldExpiresAt, v))
+}
+
+// ExpiresAtNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the "expires_at" field.
+func ExpiresAtNEQ(v time.Time) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldNEQ(FieldExpiresAt, v))
+}
+
+// ExpiresAtIn applies the In predicate on the "expires_at" field.
+func ExpiresAtIn(vs ...time.Time) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldIn(FieldExpiresAt, vs...))
+}
+
+// ExpiresAtNotIn applies the NotIn predicate on the "expires_at" field.
+func ExpiresAtNotIn(vs ...time.Time) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldNotIn(FieldExpiresAt, vs...))
+}
+
+// ExpiresAtGT applies the GT predicate on the "expires_at" field.
+func ExpiresAtGT(v time.Time) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldGT(FieldExpiresAt, v))
+}
+
+// ExpiresAtGTE applies the GTE predicate on the "expires_at" field.
+func ExpiresAtGTE(v time.Time) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldGTE(FieldExpiresAt, v))
+}
+
+// ExpiresAtLT applies the LT predicate on the "expires_at" field.
+func ExpiresAtLT(v time.Time) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldLT(FieldExpiresAt, v))
+}
+
+// ExpiresAtLTE applies the LTE predicate on the "expires_at" field.
+func ExpiresAtLTE(v time.Time) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldLTE(FieldExpiresAt, v))
+}
+
+// ExpiresAtIsNil applies the IsNil predicate on the "expires_at" field.
+func ExpiresAtIsNil() predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldIsNull(FieldExpiresAt))
+}
+
+// ExpiresAtNotNil applies the NotNil predicate on the "expires_at" field.
+func ExpiresAtNotNil() predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldNotNull(FieldExpiresAt))
+}
+
+// AutoPauseOnExpiredEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "auto_pause_on_expired" field.
+func AutoPauseOnExpiredEQ(v bool) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldAutoPauseOnExpired, v))
+}
+
+// AutoPauseOnExpiredNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the "auto_pause_on_expired" field.
+func AutoPauseOnExpiredNEQ(v bool) predicate.Account {
+	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldNEQ(FieldAutoPauseOnExpired, v))
+}
+
 // SchedulableEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "schedulable" field.
 func SchedulableEQ(v bool) predicate.Account {
 	return predicate.Account(sql.FieldEQ(FieldSchedulable, v))
--- a/backend/ent/account_create.go
+++ b/backend/ent/account_create.go
@@ -195,6 +195,34 @@ func (_c *AccountCreate) SetNillableLastUsedAt(v *time.Time) *AccountCreate {
 	return _c
 }

+// SetExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field.
+func (_c *AccountCreate) SetExpiresAt(v time.Time) *AccountCreate {
+	_c.mutation.SetExpiresAt(v)
+	return _c
+}
+
+// SetNillableExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_c *AccountCreate) SetNillableExpiresAt(v *time.Time) *AccountCreate {
+	if v != nil {
+		_c.SetExpiresAt(*v)
+	}
+	return _c
+}
+
+// SetAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field.
+func (_c *AccountCreate) SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v bool) *AccountCreate {
+	_c.mutation.SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v)
+	return _c
+}
+
+// SetNillableAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_c *AccountCreate) SetNillableAutoPauseOnExpired(v *bool) *AccountCreate {
+	if v != nil {
+		_c.SetAutoPauseOnExpired(*v)
+	}
+	return _c
+}
+
 // SetSchedulable sets the "schedulable" field.
 func (_c *AccountCreate) SetSchedulable(v bool) *AccountCreate {
 	_c.mutation.SetSchedulable(v)
@@ -405,6 +433,10 @@ func (_c *AccountCreate) defaults() error {
 		v := account.DefaultStatus
 		_c.mutation.SetStatus(v)
 	}
+	if _, ok := _c.mutation.AutoPauseOnExpired(); !ok {
+		v := account.DefaultAutoPauseOnExpired
+		_c.mutation.SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v)
+	}
 	if _, ok := _c.mutation.Schedulable(); !ok {
 		v := account.DefaultSchedulable
 		_c.mutation.SetSchedulable(v)
@@ -464,6 +496,9 @@ func (_c *AccountCreate) check() error {
 			return &ValidationError{Name: "status", err: fmt.Errorf(`ent: validator failed for field "Account.status": %w`, err)}
 		}
 	}
+	if _, ok := _c.mutation.AutoPauseOnExpired(); !ok {
+		return &ValidationError{Name: "auto_pause_on_expired", err: errors.New(`ent: missing required field "Account.auto_pause_on_expired"`)}
+	}
 	if _, ok := _c.mutation.Schedulable(); !ok {
 		return &ValidationError{Name: "schedulable", err: errors.New(`ent: missing required field "Account.schedulable"`)}
 	}
@@ -555,6 +590,14 @@ func (_c *AccountCreate) createSpec() (*Account, *sqlgraph.CreateSpec) {
 		_spec.SetField(account.FieldLastUsedAt, field.TypeTime, value)
 		_node.LastUsedAt = &value
 	}
+	if value, ok := _c.mutation.ExpiresAt(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(account.FieldExpiresAt, field.TypeTime, value)
+		_node.ExpiresAt = &value
+	}
+	if value, ok := _c.mutation.AutoPauseOnExpired(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(account.FieldAutoPauseOnExpired, field.TypeBool, value)
+		_node.AutoPauseOnExpired = value
+	}
 	if value, ok := _c.mutation.Schedulable(); ok {
 		_spec.SetField(account.FieldSchedulable, field.TypeBool, value)
 		_node.Schedulable = value
@@ -898,6 +941,36 @@ func (u *AccountUpsert) ClearLastUsedAt() *AccountUpsert {
 	return u
 }

+// SetExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) SetExpiresAt(v time.Time) *AccountUpsert {
+	u.Set(account.FieldExpiresAt, v)
+	return u
+}
+
+// UpdateExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) UpdateExpiresAt() *AccountUpsert {
+	u.SetExcluded(account.FieldExpiresAt)
+	return u
+}
+
+// ClearExpiresAt clears the value of the "expires_at" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) ClearExpiresAt() *AccountUpsert {
+	u.SetNull(account.FieldExpiresAt)
+	return u
+}
+
+// SetAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v bool) *AccountUpsert {
+	u.Set(account.FieldAutoPauseOnExpired, v)
+	return u
+}
+
+// UpdateAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *AccountUpsert) UpdateAutoPauseOnExpired() *AccountUpsert {
+	u.SetExcluded(account.FieldAutoPauseOnExpired)
+	return u
+}
+
 // SetSchedulable sets the "schedulable" field.
 func (u *AccountUpsert) SetSchedulable(v bool) *AccountUpsert {
 	u.Set(account.FieldSchedulable, v)
@@ -1308,6 +1381,41 @@ func (u *AccountUpsertOne) ClearLastUsedAt() *AccountUpsertOne {
 	})
 }

+// SetExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) SetExpiresAt(v time.Time) *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.SetExpiresAt(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// UpdateExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) UpdateExpiresAt() *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.UpdateExpiresAt()
+	})
+}
+
+// ClearExpiresAt clears the value of the "expires_at" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) ClearExpiresAt() *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.ClearExpiresAt()
+	})
+}
+
+// SetAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v bool) *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// UpdateAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *AccountUpsertOne) UpdateAutoPauseOnExpired() *AccountUpsertOne {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.UpdateAutoPauseOnExpired()
+	})
+}
+
 // SetSchedulable sets the "schedulable" field.
 func (u *AccountUpsertOne) SetSchedulable(v bool) *AccountUpsertOne {
 	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
@@ -1904,6 +2012,41 @@ func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) ClearLastUsedAt() *AccountUpsertBulk {
 	})
 }

+// SetExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) SetExpiresAt(v time.Time) *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.SetExpiresAt(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// UpdateExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) UpdateExpiresAt() *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.UpdateExpiresAt()
+	})
+}
+
+// ClearExpiresAt clears the value of the "expires_at" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) ClearExpiresAt() *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.ClearExpiresAt()
+	})
+}
+
+// SetAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v bool) *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v)
+	})
+}
+
+// UpdateAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field to the value that was provided on create.
+func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) UpdateAutoPauseOnExpired() *AccountUpsertBulk {
+	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
+		s.UpdateAutoPauseOnExpired()
+	})
+}
+
 // SetSchedulable sets the "schedulable" field.
 func (u *AccountUpsertBulk) SetSchedulable(v bool) *AccountUpsertBulk {
 	return u.Update(func(s *AccountUpsert) {
--- a/backend/ent/account_update.go
+++ b/backend/ent/account_update.go
@@ -247,6 +247,40 @@ func (_u *AccountUpdate) ClearLastUsedAt() *AccountUpdate {
 	return _u
 }

+// SetExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) SetExpiresAt(v time.Time) *AccountUpdate {
+	_u.mutation.SetExpiresAt(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// SetNillableExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) SetNillableExpiresAt(v *time.Time) *AccountUpdate {
+	if v != nil {
+		_u.SetExpiresAt(*v)
+	}
+	return _u
+}
+
+// ClearExpiresAt clears the value of the "expires_at" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) ClearExpiresAt() *AccountUpdate {
+	_u.mutation.ClearExpiresAt()
+	return _u
+}
+
+// SetAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v bool) *AccountUpdate {
+	_u.mutation.SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// SetNillableAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_u *AccountUpdate) SetNillableAutoPauseOnExpired(v *bool) *AccountUpdate {
+	if v != nil {
+		_u.SetAutoPauseOnExpired(*v)
+	}
+	return _u
+}
+
 // SetSchedulable sets the "schedulable" field.
 func (_u *AccountUpdate) SetSchedulable(v bool) *AccountUpdate {
 	_u.mutation.SetSchedulable(v)
@@ -610,6 +644,15 @@ func (_u *AccountUpdate) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (_node int, err error) {
 	if _u.mutation.LastUsedAtCleared() {
 		_spec.ClearField(account.FieldLastUsedAt, field.TypeTime)
 	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.ExpiresAt(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(account.FieldExpiresAt, field.TypeTime, value)
+	}
+	if _u.mutation.ExpiresAtCleared() {
+		_spec.ClearField(account.FieldExpiresAt, field.TypeTime)
+	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.AutoPauseOnExpired(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(account.FieldAutoPauseOnExpired, field.TypeBool, value)
+	}
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.Schedulable(); ok {
 		_spec.SetField(account.FieldSchedulable, field.TypeBool, value)
 	}
@@ -1016,6 +1059,40 @@ func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) ClearLastUsedAt() *AccountUpdateOne {
 	return _u
 }

+// SetExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) SetExpiresAt(v time.Time) *AccountUpdateOne {
+	_u.mutation.SetExpiresAt(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// SetNillableExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) SetNillableExpiresAt(v *time.Time) *AccountUpdateOne {
+	if v != nil {
+		_u.SetExpiresAt(*v)
+	}
+	return _u
+}
+
+// ClearExpiresAt clears the value of the "expires_at" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) ClearExpiresAt() *AccountUpdateOne {
+	_u.mutation.ClearExpiresAt()
+	return _u
+}
+
+// SetAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v bool) *AccountUpdateOne {
+	_u.mutation.SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v)
+	return _u
+}
+
+// SetNillableAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field if the given value is not nil.
+func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) SetNillableAutoPauseOnExpired(v *bool) *AccountUpdateOne {
+	if v != nil {
+		_u.SetAutoPauseOnExpired(*v)
+	}
+	return _u
+}
+
 // SetSchedulable sets the "schedulable" field.
 func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) SetSchedulable(v bool) *AccountUpdateOne {
 	_u.mutation.SetSchedulable(v)
@@ -1409,6 +1486,15 @@ func (_u *AccountUpdateOne) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (_node *Account, err er
 	if _u.mutation.LastUsedAtCleared() {
 		_spec.ClearField(account.FieldLastUsedAt, field.TypeTime)
 	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.ExpiresAt(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(account.FieldExpiresAt, field.TypeTime, value)
+	}
+	if _u.mutation.ExpiresAtCleared() {
+		_spec.ClearField(account.FieldExpiresAt, field.TypeTime)
+	}
+	if value, ok := _u.mutation.AutoPauseOnExpired(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(account.FieldAutoPauseOnExpired, field.TypeBool, value)
+	}
 	if value, ok := _u.mutation.Schedulable(); ok {
 		_spec.SetField(account.FieldSchedulable, field.TypeBool, value)
 	}
--- a/backend/ent/migrate/schema.go
+++ b/backend/ent/migrate/schema.go
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ var (
 		{Name: "status", Type: field.TypeString, Size: 20, Default: "active"},
 		{Name: "error_message", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true, SchemaType: map[string]string{"postgres": "text"}},
 		{Name: "last_used_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true, SchemaType: map[string]string{"postgres": "timestamptz"}},
+		{Name: "expires_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true, SchemaType: map[string]string{"postgres": "timestamptz"}},
+		{Name: "auto_pause_on_expired", Type: field.TypeBool, Default: true},
 		{Name: "schedulable", Type: field.TypeBool, Default: true},
 		{Name: "rate_limited_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true, SchemaType: map[string]string{"postgres": "timestamptz"}},
 		{Name: "rate_limit_reset_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true, SchemaType: map[string]string{"postgres": "timestamptz"}},
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ var (
 		ForeignKeys: []*schema.ForeignKey{
 			{
 				Symbol:     "accounts_proxies_proxy",
-				Columns:    []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[22]},
+				Columns:    []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[24]},
 				RefColumns: []*schema.Column{ProxiesColumns[0]},
 				OnDelete:   schema.SetNull,
 			},
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ var (
 			{
 				Name:    "account_proxy_id",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[22]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[24]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_priority",
@@ -136,22 +138,22 @@ var (
 			{
 				Name:    "account_schedulable",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[15]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[17]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_rate_limited_at",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[16]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[18]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_rate_limit_reset_at",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[17]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[19]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_overload_until",
 				Unique:  false,
-				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[18]},
+				Columns: []*schema.Column{AccountsColumns[20]},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:    "account_deleted_at",
--- a/backend/ent/mutation.go
+++ b/backend/ent/mutation.go
@@ -1006,6 +1006,8 @@ type AccountMutation struct {
 	status                *string
 	error_message         *string
 	last_used_at          *time.Time
+	expires_at            *time.Time
+	auto_pause_on_expired *bool
 	schedulable           *bool
 	rate_limited_at       *time.Time
 	rate_limit_reset_at   *time.Time
@@ -1770,6 +1772,91 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) ResetLastUsedAt() {
 	delete(m.clearedFields, account.FieldLastUsedAt)
 }

+// SetExpiresAt sets the "expires_at" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) SetExpiresAt(t time.Time) {
+	m.expires_at = &t
+}
+
+// ExpiresAt returns the value of the "expires_at" field in the mutation.
+func (m *AccountMutation) ExpiresAt() (r time.Time, exists bool) {
+	v := m.expires_at
+	if v == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return *v, true
+}
+
+// OldExpiresAt returns the old "expires_at" field's value of the Account entity.
+// If the Account object wasn't provided to the builder, the object is fetched from the database.
+// An error is returned if the mutation operation is not UpdateOne, or the database query fails.
+func (m *AccountMutation) OldExpiresAt(ctx context.Context) (v *time.Time, err error) {
+	if !m.op.Is(OpUpdateOne) {
+		return v, errors.New("OldExpiresAt is only allowed on UpdateOne operations")
+	}
+	if m.id == nil || m.oldValue == nil {
+		return v, errors.New("OldExpiresAt requires an ID field in the mutation")
+	}
+	oldValue, err := m.oldValue(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return v, fmt.Errorf("querying old value for OldExpiresAt: %w", err)
+	}
+	return oldValue.ExpiresAt, nil
+}
+
+// ClearExpiresAt clears the value of the "expires_at" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) ClearExpiresAt() {
+	m.expires_at = nil
+	m.clearedFields[account.FieldExpiresAt] = struct{}{}
+}
+
+// ExpiresAtCleared returns if the "expires_at" field was cleared in this mutation.
+func (m *AccountMutation) ExpiresAtCleared() bool {
+	_, ok := m.clearedFields[account.FieldExpiresAt]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// ResetExpiresAt resets all changes to the "expires_at" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) ResetExpiresAt() {
+	m.expires_at = nil
+	delete(m.clearedFields, account.FieldExpiresAt)
+}
+
+// SetAutoPauseOnExpired sets the "auto_pause_on_expired" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) SetAutoPauseOnExpired(b bool) {
+	m.auto_pause_on_expired = &b
+}
+
+// AutoPauseOnExpired returns the value of the "auto_pause_on_expired" field in the mutation.
+func (m *AccountMutation) AutoPauseOnExpired() (r bool, exists bool) {
+	v := m.auto_pause_on_expired
+	if v == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return *v, true
+}
+
+// OldAutoPauseOnExpired returns the old "auto_pause_on_expired" field's value of the Account entity.
+// If the Account object wasn't provided to the builder, the object is fetched from the database.
+// An error is returned if the mutation operation is not UpdateOne, or the database query fails.
+func (m *AccountMutation) OldAutoPauseOnExpired(ctx context.Context) (v bool, err error) {
+	if !m.op.Is(OpUpdateOne) {
+		return v, errors.New("OldAutoPauseOnExpired is only allowed on UpdateOne operations")
+	}
+	if m.id == nil || m.oldValue == nil {
+		return v, errors.New("OldAutoPauseOnExpired requires an ID field in the mutation")
+	}
+	oldValue, err := m.oldValue(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return v, fmt.Errorf("querying old value for OldAutoPauseOnExpired: %w", err)
+	}
+	return oldValue.AutoPauseOnExpired, nil
+}
+
+// ResetAutoPauseOnExpired resets all changes to the "auto_pause_on_expired" field.
+func (m *AccountMutation) ResetAutoPauseOnExpired() {
+	m.auto_pause_on_expired = nil
+}
+
 // SetSchedulable sets the "schedulable" field.
 func (m *AccountMutation) SetSchedulable(b bool) {
 	m.schedulable = &b
@@ -2269,7 +2356,7 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) Type() string {
 // order to get all numeric fields that were incremented/decremented, call
 // AddedFields().
 func (m *AccountMutation) Fields() []string {
-	fields := make([]string, 0, 22)
+	fields := make([]string, 0, 24)
 	if m.created_at != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldCreatedAt)
 	}
@@ -2315,6 +2402,12 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) Fields() []string {
 	if m.last_used_at != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldLastUsedAt)
 	}
+	if m.expires_at != nil {
+		fields = append(fields, account.FieldExpiresAt)
+	}
+	if m.auto_pause_on_expired != nil {
+		fields = append(fields, account.FieldAutoPauseOnExpired)
+	}
 	if m.schedulable != nil {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldSchedulable)
 	}
@@ -2374,6 +2467,10 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) Field(name string) (ent.Value, bool) {
 		return m.ErrorMessage()
 	case account.FieldLastUsedAt:
 		return m.LastUsedAt()
+	case account.FieldExpiresAt:
+		return m.ExpiresAt()
+	case account.FieldAutoPauseOnExpired:
+		return m.AutoPauseOnExpired()
 	case account.FieldSchedulable:
 		return m.Schedulable()
 	case account.FieldRateLimitedAt:
@@ -2427,6 +2524,10 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) OldField(ctx context.Context, name string) (ent.Value,
 		return m.OldErrorMessage(ctx)
 	case account.FieldLastUsedAt:
 		return m.OldLastUsedAt(ctx)
+	case account.FieldExpiresAt:
+		return m.OldExpiresAt(ctx)
+	case account.FieldAutoPauseOnExpired:
+		return m.OldAutoPauseOnExpired(ctx)
 	case account.FieldSchedulable:
 		return m.OldSchedulable(ctx)
 	case account.FieldRateLimitedAt:
@@ -2555,6 +2656,20 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) SetField(name string, value ent.Value) error {
 		}
 		m.SetLastUsedAt(v)
 		return nil
+	case account.FieldExpiresAt:
+		v, ok := value.(time.Time)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field %s", value, name)
+		}
+		m.SetExpiresAt(v)
+		return nil
+	case account.FieldAutoPauseOnExpired:
+		v, ok := value.(bool)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field %s", value, name)
+		}
+		m.SetAutoPauseOnExpired(v)
+		return nil
 	case account.FieldSchedulable:
 		v, ok := value.(bool)
 		if !ok {
@@ -2676,6 +2791,9 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) ClearedFields() []string {
 	if m.FieldCleared(account.FieldLastUsedAt) {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldLastUsedAt)
 	}
+	if m.FieldCleared(account.FieldExpiresAt) {
+		fields = append(fields, account.FieldExpiresAt)
+	}
 	if m.FieldCleared(account.FieldRateLimitedAt) {
 		fields = append(fields, account.FieldRateLimitedAt)
 	}
@@ -2723,6 +2841,9 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) ClearField(name string) error {
 	case account.FieldLastUsedAt:
 		m.ClearLastUsedAt()
 		return nil
+	case account.FieldExpiresAt:
+		m.ClearExpiresAt()
+		return nil
 	case account.FieldRateLimitedAt:
 		m.ClearRateLimitedAt()
 		return nil
@@ -2794,6 +2915,12 @@ func (m *AccountMutation) ResetField(name string) error {
 	case account.FieldLastUsedAt:
 		m.ResetLastUsedAt()
 		return nil
+	case account.FieldExpiresAt:
+		m.ResetExpiresAt()
+		return nil
+	case account.FieldAutoPauseOnExpired:
+		m.ResetAutoPauseOnExpired()
+		return nil
 	case account.FieldSchedulable:
 		m.ResetSchedulable()
 		return nil
--- a/backend/ent/runtime/runtime.go
+++ b/backend/ent/runtime/runtime.go
@@ -181,12 +181,16 @@ func init() {
 	account.DefaultStatus = accountDescStatus.Default.(string)
 	// account.StatusValidator is a validator for the "status" field. It is called by the builders before save.
 	account.StatusValidator = accountDescStatus.Validators[0].(func(string) error)
+	// accountDescAutoPauseOnExpired is the schema descriptor for auto_pause_on_expired field.
+	accountDescAutoPauseOnExpired := accountFields[13].Descriptor()
+	// account.DefaultAutoPauseOnExpired holds the default value on creation for the auto_pause_on_expired field.
+	account.DefaultAutoPauseOnExpired = accountDescAutoPauseOnExpired.Default.(bool)
 	// accountDescSchedulable is the schema descriptor for schedulable field.
-	accountDescSchedulable := accountFields[12].Descriptor()
+	accountDescSchedulable := accountFields[14].Descriptor()
 	// account.DefaultSchedulable holds the default value on creation for the schedulable field.
 	account.DefaultSchedulable = accountDescSchedulable.Default.(bool)
 	// accountDescSessionWindowStatus is the schema descriptor for session_window_status field.
-	accountDescSessionWindowStatus := accountFields[18].Descriptor()
+	accountDescSessionWindowStatus := accountFields[20].Descriptor()
 	// account.SessionWindowStatusValidator is a validator for the "session_window_status" field. It is called by the builders before save.
 	account.SessionWindowStatusValidator = accountDescSessionWindowStatus.Validators[0].(func(string) error)
 	accountgroupFields := schema.AccountGroup{}.Fields()
--- a/backend/ent/schema/account.go
+++ b/backend/ent/schema/account.go
@@ -118,6 +118,16 @@ func (Account) Fields() []ent.Field {
 			Optional().
 			Nillable().
 			SchemaType(map[string]string{dialect.Postgres: "timestamptz"}),
+		// expires_at: 账户过期时间（可为空）
+		field.Time("expires_at").
+			Optional().
+			Nillable().
+			Comment("Account expiration time (NULL means no expiration).").
+			SchemaType(map[string]string{dialect.Postgres: "timestamptz"}),
+		// auto_pause_on_expired: 过期后自动暂停调度
+		field.Bool("auto_pause_on_expired").
+			Default(true).
+			Comment("Auto pause scheduling when account expires."),

 		// ========== 调度和速率限制相关字段 ==========
 		// 这些字段在 migrations/005_schema_parity.sql 中添加
--- a/backend/internal/handler/admin/account_handler.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/admin/account_handler.go
@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ type CreateAccountRequest struct {
 	Concurrency             int            `json:"concurrency"`
 	Priority                int            `json:"priority"`
 	GroupIDs                []int64        `json:"group_ids"`
+	ExpiresAt               *int64         `json:"expires_at"`
+	AutoPauseOnExpired      *bool          `json:"auto_pause_on_expired"`
 	ConfirmMixedChannelRisk *bool          `json:"confirm_mixed_channel_risk"` // 用户确认混合渠道风险
 }

@@ -101,6 +103,8 @@ type UpdateAccountRequest struct {
 	Priority                *int           `json:"priority"`
 	Status                  string         `json:"status" binding:"omitempty,oneof=active inactive"`
 	GroupIDs                *[]int64       `json:"group_ids"`
+	ExpiresAt               *int64         `json:"expires_at"`
+	AutoPauseOnExpired      *bool          `json:"auto_pause_on_expired"`
 	ConfirmMixedChannelRisk *bool          `json:"confirm_mixed_channel_risk"` // 用户确认混合渠道风险
 }

@@ -204,6 +208,8 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) Create(c *gin.Context) {
 		Concurrency:           req.Concurrency,
 		Priority:              req.Priority,
 		GroupIDs:              req.GroupIDs,
+		ExpiresAt:             req.ExpiresAt,
+		AutoPauseOnExpired:    req.AutoPauseOnExpired,
 		SkipMixedChannelCheck: skipCheck,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -261,6 +267,8 @@ func (h *AccountHandler) Update(c *gin.Context) {
 		Priority:              req.Priority,    // 指针类型，nil 表示未提供
 		Status:                req.Status,
 		GroupIDs:              req.GroupIDs,
+		ExpiresAt:             req.ExpiresAt,
+		AutoPauseOnExpired:    req.AutoPauseOnExpired,
 		SkipMixedChannelCheck: skipCheck,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
--- a/backend/internal/handler/dto/mappers.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/dto/mappers.go
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 // Package dto provides data transfer objects for HTTP handlers.
 package dto

-import "github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
+)

 func UserFromServiceShallow(u *service.User) *User {
 	if u == nil {
@@ -120,6 +124,8 @@ func AccountFromServiceShallow(a *service.Account) *Account {
 		Status:                  a.Status,
 		ErrorMessage:            a.ErrorMessage,
 		LastUsedAt:              a.LastUsedAt,
+		ExpiresAt:               timeToUnixSeconds(a.ExpiresAt),
+		AutoPauseOnExpired:      a.AutoPauseOnExpired,
 		CreatedAt:               a.CreatedAt,
 		UpdatedAt:               a.UpdatedAt,
 		Schedulable:             a.Schedulable,
@@ -157,6 +163,14 @@ func AccountFromService(a *service.Account) *Account {
 	return out
 }

+func timeToUnixSeconds(value *time.Time) *int64 {
+	if value == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ts := value.Unix()
+	return &ts
+}
+
 func AccountGroupFromService(ag *service.AccountGroup) *AccountGroup {
 	if ag == nil {
 		return nil
--- a/backend/internal/handler/dto/types.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/dto/types.go
@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ type Account struct {
 	Status             string         `json:"status"`
 	ErrorMessage       string         `json:"error_message"`
 	LastUsedAt         *time.Time     `json:"last_used_at"`
+	ExpiresAt          *int64         `json:"expires_at"`
+	AutoPauseOnExpired bool           `json:"auto_pause_on_expired"`
 	CreatedAt          time.Time      `json:"created_at"`
 	UpdatedAt          time.Time      `json:"updated_at"`

--- a/backend/internal/repository/account_repo.go
+++ b/backend/internal/repository/account_repo.go
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ func (r *accountRepository) Create(ctx context.Context, account *service.Account
 		SetPriority(account.Priority).
 		SetStatus(account.Status).
 		SetErrorMessage(account.ErrorMessage).
-		SetSchedulable(account.Schedulable)
+		SetSchedulable(account.Schedulable).
+		SetAutoPauseOnExpired(account.AutoPauseOnExpired)

 	if account.ProxyID != nil {
 		builder.SetProxyID(*account.ProxyID)
@@ -84,6 +85,9 @@ func (r *accountRepository) Create(ctx context.Context, account *service.Account
 	if account.LastUsedAt != nil {
 		builder.SetLastUsedAt(*account.LastUsedAt)
 	}
+	if account.ExpiresAt != nil {
+		builder.SetExpiresAt(*account.ExpiresAt)
+	}
 	if account.RateLimitedAt != nil {
 		builder.SetRateLimitedAt(*account.RateLimitedAt)
 	}
@@ -280,7 +284,8 @@ func (r *accountRepository) Update(ctx context.Context, account *service.Account
 		SetPriority(account.Priority).
 		SetStatus(account.Status).
 		SetErrorMessage(account.ErrorMessage).
-		SetSchedulable(account.Schedulable)
+		SetSchedulable(account.Schedulable).
+		SetAutoPauseOnExpired(account.AutoPauseOnExpired)

 	if account.ProxyID != nil {
 		builder.SetProxyID(*account.ProxyID)
@@ -292,6 +297,11 @@ func (r *accountRepository) Update(ctx context.Context, account *service.Account
 	} else {
 		builder.ClearLastUsedAt()
 	}
+	if account.ExpiresAt != nil {
+		builder.SetExpiresAt(*account.ExpiresAt)
+	} else {
+		builder.ClearExpiresAt()
+	}
 	if account.RateLimitedAt != nil {
 		builder.SetRateLimitedAt(*account.RateLimitedAt)
 	} else {
@@ -570,6 +580,7 @@ func (r *accountRepository) ListSchedulable(ctx context.Context) ([]service.Acco
 			dbaccount.StatusEQ(service.StatusActive),
 			dbaccount.SchedulableEQ(true),
 			tempUnschedulablePredicate(),
+			notExpiredPredicate(now),
 			dbaccount.Or(dbaccount.OverloadUntilIsNil(), dbaccount.OverloadUntilLTE(now)),
 			dbaccount.Or(dbaccount.RateLimitResetAtIsNil(), dbaccount.RateLimitResetAtLTE(now)),
 		).
@@ -596,6 +607,7 @@ func (r *accountRepository) ListSchedulableByPlatform(ctx context.Context, platf
 			dbaccount.StatusEQ(service.StatusActive),
 			dbaccount.SchedulableEQ(true),
 			tempUnschedulablePredicate(),
+			notExpiredPredicate(now),
 			dbaccount.Or(dbaccount.OverloadUntilIsNil(), dbaccount.OverloadUntilLTE(now)),
 			dbaccount.Or(dbaccount.RateLimitResetAtIsNil(), dbaccount.RateLimitResetAtLTE(now)),
 		).
@@ -629,6 +641,7 @@ func (r *accountRepository) ListSchedulableByPlatforms(ctx context.Context, plat
 			dbaccount.StatusEQ(service.StatusActive),
 			dbaccount.SchedulableEQ(true),
 			tempUnschedulablePredicate(),
+			notExpiredPredicate(now),
 			dbaccount.Or(dbaccount.OverloadUntilIsNil(), dbaccount.OverloadUntilLTE(now)),
 			dbaccount.Or(dbaccount.RateLimitResetAtIsNil(), dbaccount.RateLimitResetAtLTE(now)),
 		).
@@ -727,6 +740,27 @@ func (r *accountRepository) SetSchedulable(ctx context.Context, id int64, schedu
 	return err
 }

+func (r *accountRepository) AutoPauseExpiredAccounts(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) (int64, error) {
+	result, err := r.sql.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		UPDATE accounts
+		SET schedulable = FALSE,
+			updated_at = NOW()
+		WHERE deleted_at IS NULL
+			AND schedulable = TRUE
+			AND auto_pause_on_expired = TRUE
+			AND expires_at IS NOT NULL
+			AND expires_at <= $1
+	`, now)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	rows, err := result.RowsAffected()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return rows, nil
+}
+
 func (r *accountRepository) UpdateExtra(ctx context.Context, id int64, updates map[string]any) error {
 	if len(updates) == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -861,6 +895,7 @@ func (r *accountRepository) queryAccountsByGroup(ctx context.Context, groupID in
 		preds = append(preds,
 			dbaccount.SchedulableEQ(true),
 			tempUnschedulablePredicate(),
+			notExpiredPredicate(now),
 			dbaccount.Or(dbaccount.OverloadUntilIsNil(), dbaccount.OverloadUntilLTE(now)),
 			dbaccount.Or(dbaccount.RateLimitResetAtIsNil(), dbaccount.RateLimitResetAtLTE(now)),
 		)
@@ -971,6 +1006,14 @@ func tempUnschedulablePredicate() dbpredicate.Account {
 	})
 }

+func notExpiredPredicate(now time.Time) dbpredicate.Account {
+	return dbaccount.Or(
+		dbaccount.ExpiresAtIsNil(),
+		dbaccount.ExpiresAtGT(now),
+		dbaccount.AutoPauseOnExpiredEQ(false),
+	)
+}
+
 func (r *accountRepository) loadTempUnschedStates(ctx context.Context, accountIDs []int64) (map[int64]tempUnschedSnapshot, error) {
 	out := make(map[int64]tempUnschedSnapshot)
 	if len(accountIDs) == 0 {
@@ -1086,6 +1129,8 @@ func accountEntityToService(m *dbent.Account) *service.Account {
 		Status:              m.Status,
 		ErrorMessage:        derefString(m.ErrorMessage),
 		LastUsedAt:          m.LastUsedAt,
+		ExpiresAt:           m.ExpiresAt,
+		AutoPauseOnExpired:  m.AutoPauseOnExpired,
 		CreatedAt:           m.CreatedAt,
 		UpdatedAt:           m.UpdatedAt,
 		Schedulable:         m.Schedulable,
--- a/backend/internal/service/account.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account.go
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ type Account struct {
 	Status             string
 	ErrorMessage       string
 	LastUsedAt         *time.Time
+	ExpiresAt          *time.Time
+	AutoPauseOnExpired bool
 	CreatedAt          time.Time
 	UpdatedAt          time.Time

@@ -60,6 +62,9 @@ func (a *Account) IsSchedulable() bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	now := time.Now()
+	if a.AutoPauseOnExpired && a.ExpiresAt != nil && !now.Before(*a.ExpiresAt) {
+		return false
+	}
 	if a.OverloadUntil != nil && now.Before(*a.OverloadUntil) {
 		return false
 	}
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_expiry_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_expiry_service.go
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// AccountExpiryService periodically pauses expired accounts when auto-pause is enabled.
+type AccountExpiryService struct {
+	accountRepo AccountRepository
+	interval    time.Duration
+	stopCh      chan struct{}
+	stopOnce    sync.Once
+	wg          sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+func NewAccountExpiryService(accountRepo AccountRepository, interval time.Duration) *AccountExpiryService {
+	return &AccountExpiryService{
+		accountRepo: accountRepo,
+		interval:    interval,
+		stopCh:      make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *AccountExpiryService) Start() {
+	if s == nil || s.accountRepo == nil || s.interval <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	s.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer s.wg.Done()
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(s.interval)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+
+		s.runOnce()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				s.runOnce()
+			case <-s.stopCh:
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func (s *AccountExpiryService) Stop() {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.stopOnce.Do(func() {
+		close(s.stopCh)
+	})
+	s.wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func (s *AccountExpiryService) runOnce() {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	updated, err := s.accountRepo.AutoPauseExpiredAccounts(ctx, time.Now())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[AccountExpiry] Auto pause expired accounts failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if updated > 0 {
+		log.Printf("[AccountExpiry] Auto paused %d expired accounts", updated)
+	}
+}
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_service.go
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ type AccountRepository interface {
 	BatchUpdateLastUsed(ctx context.Context, updates map[int64]time.Time) error
 	SetError(ctx context.Context, id int64, errorMsg string) error
 	SetSchedulable(ctx context.Context, id int64, schedulable bool) error
+	AutoPauseExpiredAccounts(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) (int64, error)
 	BindGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID int64, groupIDs []int64) error

 	ListSchedulable(ctx context.Context) ([]Account, error)
@@ -81,6 +82,8 @@ type CreateAccountRequest struct {
 	Concurrency        int            `json:"concurrency"`
 	Priority           int            `json:"priority"`
 	GroupIDs           []int64        `json:"group_ids"`
+	ExpiresAt          *time.Time     `json:"expires_at"`
+	AutoPauseOnExpired *bool          `json:"auto_pause_on_expired"`
 }

 // UpdateAccountRequest 更新账号请求
@@ -94,6 +97,8 @@ type UpdateAccountRequest struct {
 	Priority           *int            `json:"priority"`
 	Status             *string         `json:"status"`
 	GroupIDs           *[]int64        `json:"group_ids"`
+	ExpiresAt          *time.Time      `json:"expires_at"`
+	AutoPauseOnExpired *bool           `json:"auto_pause_on_expired"`
 }

 // AccountService 账号管理服务
@@ -134,6 +139,12 @@ func (s *AccountService) Create(ctx context.Context, req CreateAccountRequest) (
 		Concurrency: req.Concurrency,
 		Priority:    req.Priority,
 		Status:      StatusActive,
+		ExpiresAt:   req.ExpiresAt,
+	}
+	if req.AutoPauseOnExpired != nil {
+		account.AutoPauseOnExpired = *req.AutoPauseOnExpired
+	} else {
+		account.AutoPauseOnExpired = true
 	}

 	if err := s.accountRepo.Create(ctx, account); err != nil {
@@ -224,6 +235,12 @@ func (s *AccountService) Update(ctx context.Context, id int64, req UpdateAccount
 	if req.Status != nil {
 		account.Status = *req.Status
 	}
+	if req.ExpiresAt != nil {
+		account.ExpiresAt = req.ExpiresAt
+	}
+	if req.AutoPauseOnExpired != nil {
+		account.AutoPauseOnExpired = *req.AutoPauseOnExpired
+	}

 	// 先验证分组是否存在（在任何写操作之前）
 	if req.GroupIDs != nil {
--- a/backend/internal/service/account_service_delete_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/account_service_delete_test.go
@@ -103,6 +103,10 @@ func (s *accountRepoStub) SetSchedulable(ctx context.Context, id int64, schedula
 	panic("unexpected SetSchedulable call")
 }

+func (s *accountRepoStub) AutoPauseExpiredAccounts(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) (int64, error) {
+	panic("unexpected AutoPauseExpiredAccounts call")
+}
+
 func (s *accountRepoStub) BindGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID int64, groupIDs []int64) error {
 	panic("unexpected BindGroups call")
 }
--- a/backend/internal/service/admin_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/admin_service.go
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@ type CreateAccountInput struct {
 	Concurrency        int
 	Priority           int
 	GroupIDs           []int64
+	ExpiresAt          *int64
+	AutoPauseOnExpired *bool
 	// SkipMixedChannelCheck skips the mixed channel risk check when binding groups.
 	// This should only be set when the caller has explicitly confirmed the risk.
 	SkipMixedChannelCheck bool
@@ -148,6 +150,8 @@ type UpdateAccountInput struct {
 	Priority              *int // 使用指针区分"未提供"和"设置为0"
 	Status                string
 	GroupIDs              *[]int64
+	ExpiresAt             *int64
+	AutoPauseOnExpired    *bool
 	SkipMixedChannelCheck bool // 跳过混合渠道检查（用户已确认风险）
 }

@@ -700,6 +704,15 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) CreateAccount(ctx context.Context, input *CreateAccou
 		Status:      StatusActive,
 		Schedulable: true,
 	}
+	if input.ExpiresAt != nil && *input.ExpiresAt > 0 {
+		expiresAt := time.Unix(*input.ExpiresAt, 0)
+		account.ExpiresAt = &expiresAt
+	}
+	if input.AutoPauseOnExpired != nil {
+		account.AutoPauseOnExpired = *input.AutoPauseOnExpired
+	} else {
+		account.AutoPauseOnExpired = true
+	}
 	if err := s.accountRepo.Create(ctx, account); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -755,6 +768,17 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateAccount(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *U
 	if input.Status != "" {
 		account.Status = input.Status
 	}
+	if input.ExpiresAt != nil {
+		if *input.ExpiresAt <= 0 {
+			account.ExpiresAt = nil
+		} else {
+			expiresAt := time.Unix(*input.ExpiresAt, 0)
+			account.ExpiresAt = &expiresAt
+		}
+	}
+	if input.AutoPauseOnExpired != nil {
+		account.AutoPauseOnExpired = *input.AutoPauseOnExpired
+	}

 	// 先验证分组是否存在（在任何写操作之前）
 	if input.GroupIDs != nil {
--- a/backend/internal/service/gateway_multiplatform_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/gateway_multiplatform_test.go
@@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ func (m *mockAccountRepoForPlatform) SetError(ctx context.Context, id int64, err
 func (m *mockAccountRepoForPlatform) SetSchedulable(ctx context.Context, id int64, schedulable bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
+func (m *mockAccountRepoForPlatform) AutoPauseExpiredAccounts(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) (int64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
 func (m *mockAccountRepoForPlatform) BindGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID int64, groupIDs []int64) error {
 	return nil
 }
--- a/backend/internal/service/gemini_multiplatform_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/gemini_multiplatform_test.go
@@ -90,6 +90,9 @@ func (m *mockAccountRepoForGemini) SetError(ctx context.Context, id int64, error
 func (m *mockAccountRepoForGemini) SetSchedulable(ctx context.Context, id int64, schedulable bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
+func (m *mockAccountRepoForGemini) AutoPauseExpiredAccounts(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) (int64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
 func (m *mockAccountRepoForGemini) BindGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID int64, groupIDs []int64) error {
 	return nil
 }
--- a/backend/internal/service/wire.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/wire.go
@@ -47,6 +47,13 @@ func ProvideTokenRefreshService(
 	return svc
 }

+// ProvideAccountExpiryService creates and starts AccountExpiryService.
+func ProvideAccountExpiryService(accountRepo AccountRepository) *AccountExpiryService {
+	svc := NewAccountExpiryService(accountRepo, time.Minute)
+	svc.Start()
+	return svc
+}
+
 // ProvideTimingWheelService creates and starts TimingWheelService
 func ProvideTimingWheelService() *TimingWheelService {
 	svc := NewTimingWheelService()
@@ -110,6 +117,7 @@ var ProviderSet = wire.NewSet(
 	NewCRSSyncService,
 	ProvideUpdateService,
 	ProvideTokenRefreshService,
+	ProvideAccountExpiryService,
 	ProvideTimingWheelService,
 	ProvideDeferredService,
 	NewAntigravityQuotaFetcher,
--- a/backend/migrations/030_add_account_expires_at.sql
+++ b/backend/migrations/030_add_account_expires_at.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+-- Add expires_at for account expiration configuration
+ALTER TABLE accounts ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS expires_at timestamptz;
+-- Document expires_at meaning
+COMMENT ON COLUMN accounts.expires_at IS 'Account expiration time (NULL means no expiration).';
+-- Add auto_pause_on_expired for account expiration scheduling control
+ALTER TABLE accounts ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS auto_pause_on_expired boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT true;
+-- Document auto_pause_on_expired meaning
+COMMENT ON COLUMN accounts.auto_pause_on_expired IS 'Auto pause scheduling when account expires.';
+-- Ensure existing accounts are enabled by default
+UPDATE accounts SET auto_pause_on_expired = true;
--- a/frontend/src/components/account/CreateAccountModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/account/CreateAccountModal.vue
@@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@
      </div>

      <!-- Temp Unschedulable Rules -->
-      <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600">
+      <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600 space-y-4">
        <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
          <div>
            <label class="input-label mb-0">{{ t('admin.accounts.tempUnschedulable.title') }}</label>
@@ -1213,7 +1213,41 @@
          <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.priorityHint') }}</p>
        </div>
      </div>
+      <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600">
+        <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.expiresAt') }}</label>
+        <input v-model="expiresAtInput" type="datetime-local" class="input" />
+        <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.expiresAtHint') }}</p>
+      </div>

+      <div>
+        <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
+          <div>
+            <label class="input-label mb-0">{{
+              t('admin.accounts.autoPauseOnExpired')
+            }}</label>
+            <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+              {{ t('admin.accounts.autoPauseOnExpiredDesc') }}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            @click="autoPauseOnExpired = !autoPauseOnExpired"
+            :class="[
+              'relative inline-flex h-6 w-11 flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer rounded-full border-2 border-transparent transition-colors duration-200 ease-in-out focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-primary-500 focus:ring-offset-2',
+              autoPauseOnExpired ? 'bg-primary-600' : 'bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600'
+            ]"
+          >
+            <span
+              :class="[
+                'pointer-events-none inline-block h-5 w-5 transform rounded-full bg-white shadow ring-0 transition duration-200 ease-in-out',
+                autoPauseOnExpired ? 'translate-x-5' : 'translate-x-0'
+              ]"
+            />
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600">
        <!-- Mixed Scheduling (only for antigravity accounts) -->
        <div v-if="form.platform === 'antigravity'" class="flex items-center gap-2">
          <label class="flex cursor-pointer items-center gap-2">
@@ -1253,6 +1287,7 @@
          :mixed-scheduling="mixedScheduling"
          data-tour="account-form-groups"
        />
+      </div>

    </form>

@@ -1598,6 +1633,7 @@ import Icon from '@/components/icons/Icon.vue'
 import ProxySelector from '@/components/common/ProxySelector.vue'
 import GroupSelector from '@/components/common/GroupSelector.vue'
 import ModelWhitelistSelector from '@/components/account/ModelWhitelistSelector.vue'
+import { formatDateTimeLocalInput, parseDateTimeLocalInput } from '@/utils/format'
 import OAuthAuthorizationFlow from './OAuthAuthorizationFlow.vue'

 // Type for exposed OAuthAuthorizationFlow component
@@ -1713,6 +1749,7 @@ const customErrorCodesEnabled = ref(false)
 const selectedErrorCodes = ref<number[]>([])
 const customErrorCodeInput = ref<number | null>(null)
 const interceptWarmupRequests = ref(false)
+const autoPauseOnExpired = ref(true)
 const mixedScheduling = ref(false) // For antigravity accounts: enable mixed scheduling
 const tempUnschedEnabled = ref(false)
 const tempUnschedRules = ref<TempUnschedRuleForm[]>([])
@@ -1795,7 +1832,8 @@ const form = reactive({
  proxy_id: null as number | null,
  concurrency: 10,
  priority: 1,
-  group_ids: [] as number[]
+  group_ids: [] as number[],
+  expires_at: null as number | null
 })

 // Helper to check if current type needs OAuth flow
@@ -1805,6 +1843,13 @@ const isManualInputMethod = computed(() => {
  return oauthFlowRef.value?.inputMethod === 'manual'
 })

+const expiresAtInput = computed({
+  get: () => formatDateTimeLocal(form.expires_at),
+  set: (value: string) => {
+    form.expires_at = parseDateTimeLocal(value)
+  }
+})
+
 const canExchangeCode = computed(() => {
  const authCode = oauthFlowRef.value?.authCode || ''
  if (form.platform === 'openai') {
@@ -2055,6 +2100,7 @@ const resetForm = () => {
  form.concurrency = 10
  form.priority = 1
  form.group_ids = []
+  form.expires_at = null
  accountCategory.value = 'oauth-based'
  addMethod.value = 'oauth'
  apiKeyBaseUrl.value = 'https://api.anthropic.com'
@@ -2066,6 +2112,7 @@ const resetForm = () => {
  selectedErrorCodes.value = []
  customErrorCodeInput.value = null
  interceptWarmupRequests.value = false
+  autoPauseOnExpired.value = true
  tempUnschedEnabled.value = false
  tempUnschedRules.value = []
  geminiOAuthType.value = 'code_assist'
@@ -2133,7 +2180,6 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
  if (interceptWarmupRequests.value) {
    credentials.intercept_warmup_requests = true
  }
-
  if (!applyTempUnschedConfig(credentials)) {
    return
  }
@@ -2144,7 +2190,8 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
  try {
    await adminAPI.accounts.create({
      ...form,
-      group_ids: form.group_ids
+      group_ids: form.group_ids,
+      auto_pause_on_expired: autoPauseOnExpired.value
    })
    appStore.showSuccess(t('admin.accounts.accountCreated'))
    emit('created')
@@ -2182,6 +2229,9 @@ const handleGenerateUrl = async () => {
  }
 }

+const formatDateTimeLocal = formatDateTimeLocalInput
+const parseDateTimeLocal = parseDateTimeLocalInput
+
 // Create account and handle success/failure
 const createAccountAndFinish = async (
  platform: AccountPlatform,
@@ -2202,7 +2252,9 @@ const createAccountAndFinish = async (
    proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
    concurrency: form.concurrency,
    priority: form.priority,
-    group_ids: form.group_ids
+    group_ids: form.group_ids,
+    expires_at: form.expires_at,
+    auto_pause_on_expired: autoPauseOnExpired.value
  })
  appStore.showSuccess(t('admin.accounts.accountCreated'))
  emit('created')
@@ -2416,7 +2468,8 @@ const handleCookieAuth = async (sessionKey: string) => {
          extra,
          proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
          concurrency: form.concurrency,
-          priority: form.priority
+          priority: form.priority,
+          auto_pause_on_expired: autoPauseOnExpired.value
        })

        successCount++
--- a/frontend/src/components/account/EditAccountModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/account/EditAccountModal.vue
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@
      </div>

      <!-- Temp Unschedulable Rules -->
-      <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600">
+      <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600 space-y-4">
        <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
          <div>
            <label class="input-label mb-0">{{ t('admin.accounts.tempUnschedulable.title') }}</label>
@@ -565,7 +565,41 @@
          />
        </div>
      </div>
+      <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600">
+        <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.expiresAt') }}</label>
+        <input v-model="expiresAtInput" type="datetime-local" class="input" />
+        <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.expiresAtHint') }}</p>
+      </div>

+      <div>
+        <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
+          <div>
+            <label class="input-label mb-0">{{
+              t('admin.accounts.autoPauseOnExpired')
+            }}</label>
+            <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+              {{ t('admin.accounts.autoPauseOnExpiredDesc') }}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            @click="autoPauseOnExpired = !autoPauseOnExpired"
+            :class="[
+              'relative inline-flex h-6 w-11 flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer rounded-full border-2 border-transparent transition-colors duration-200 ease-in-out focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-primary-500 focus:ring-offset-2',
+              autoPauseOnExpired ? 'bg-primary-600' : 'bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600'
+            ]"
+          >
+            <span
+              :class="[
+                'pointer-events-none inline-block h-5 w-5 transform rounded-full bg-white shadow ring-0 transition duration-200 ease-in-out',
+                autoPauseOnExpired ? 'translate-x-5' : 'translate-x-0'
+              ]"
+            />
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600">
        <div>
          <label class="input-label">{{ t('common.status') }}</label>
          <Select v-model="form.status" :options="statusOptions" />
@@ -601,6 +635,7 @@
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
+      </div>

      <!-- Group Selection - 仅标准模式显示 -->
      <GroupSelector
@@ -666,6 +701,7 @@ import Icon from '@/components/icons/Icon.vue'
 import ProxySelector from '@/components/common/ProxySelector.vue'
 import GroupSelector from '@/components/common/GroupSelector.vue'
 import ModelWhitelistSelector from '@/components/account/ModelWhitelistSelector.vue'
+import { formatDateTimeLocalInput, parseDateTimeLocalInput } from '@/utils/format'
 import {
  getPresetMappingsByPlatform,
  commonErrorCodes,
@@ -721,6 +757,7 @@ const customErrorCodesEnabled = ref(false)
 const selectedErrorCodes = ref<number[]>([])
 const customErrorCodeInput = ref<number | null>(null)
 const interceptWarmupRequests = ref(false)
+const autoPauseOnExpired = ref(false)
 const mixedScheduling = ref(false) // For antigravity accounts: enable mixed scheduling
 const tempUnschedEnabled = ref(false)
 const tempUnschedRules = ref<TempUnschedRuleForm[]>([])
@@ -771,7 +808,8 @@ const form = reactive({
  concurrency: 1,
  priority: 1,
  status: 'active' as 'active' | 'inactive',
-  group_ids: [] as number[]
+  group_ids: [] as number[],
+  expires_at: null as number | null
 })

 const statusOptions = computed(() => [
@@ -779,6 +817,13 @@ const statusOptions = computed(() => [
  { value: 'inactive', label: t('common.inactive') }
 ])

+const expiresAtInput = computed({
+  get: () => formatDateTimeLocal(form.expires_at),
+  set: (value: string) => {
+    form.expires_at = parseDateTimeLocal(value)
+  }
+})
+
 // Watchers
 watch(
  () => props.account,
@@ -791,10 +836,12 @@ watch(
      form.priority = newAccount.priority
      form.status = newAccount.status as 'active' | 'inactive'
      form.group_ids = newAccount.group_ids || []
+      form.expires_at = newAccount.expires_at ?? null

      // Load intercept warmup requests setting (applies to all account types)
      const credentials = newAccount.credentials as Record<string, unknown> | undefined
      interceptWarmupRequests.value = credentials?.intercept_warmup_requests === true
+      autoPauseOnExpired.value = newAccount.auto_pause_on_expired === true

      // Load mixed scheduling setting (only for antigravity accounts)
      const extra = newAccount.extra as Record<string, unknown> | undefined
@@ -1042,6 +1089,9 @@ function toPositiveNumber(value: unknown) {
  return Math.trunc(num)
 }

+const formatDateTimeLocal = formatDateTimeLocalInput
+const parseDateTimeLocal = parseDateTimeLocalInput
+
 // Methods
 const handleClose = () => {
  emit('close')
@@ -1057,6 +1107,10 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
    if (updatePayload.proxy_id === null) {
      updatePayload.proxy_id = 0
    }
+    if (form.expires_at === null) {
+      updatePayload.expires_at = 0
+    }
+    updatePayload.auto_pause_on_expired = autoPauseOnExpired.value

    // For apikey type, handle credentials update
    if (props.account.type === 'apikey') {
@@ -1097,7 +1151,6 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
      if (interceptWarmupRequests.value) {
        newCredentials.intercept_warmup_requests = true
      }
-
      if (!applyTempUnschedConfig(newCredentials)) {
        submitting.value = false
        return
@@ -1114,7 +1167,6 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
      } else {
        delete newCredentials.intercept_warmup_requests
      }
-
      if (!applyTempUnschedConfig(newCredentials)) {
        submitting.value = false
        return
--- a/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
@@ -1011,6 +1011,7 @@ export default {
        groups: 'Groups',
        usageWindows: 'Usage Windows',
        lastUsed: 'Last Used',
+        expiresAt: 'Expires At',
        actions: 'Actions'
      },
      tempUnschedulable: {
@@ -1152,11 +1153,16 @@ export default {
      interceptWarmupRequests: 'Intercept Warmup Requests',
      interceptWarmupRequestsDesc:
        'When enabled, warmup requests like title generation will return mock responses without consuming upstream tokens',
+      autoPauseOnExpired: 'Auto Pause On Expired',
+      autoPauseOnExpiredDesc: 'When enabled, the account will auto pause scheduling after it expires',
+      expired: 'Expired',
      proxy: 'Proxy',
      noProxy: 'No Proxy',
      concurrency: 'Concurrency',
      priority: 'Priority',
      priorityHint: 'Higher priority accounts are used first',
+      expiresAt: 'Expires At',
+      expiresAtHint: 'Leave empty for no expiration',
      higherPriorityFirst: 'Higher value means higher priority',
      mixedScheduling: 'Use in /v1/messages',
      mixedSchedulingHint: 'Enable to participate in Anthropic/Gemini group scheduling',
--- a/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
@@ -1061,6 +1061,7 @@ export default {
        groups: '分组',
        usageWindows: '用量窗口',
        lastUsed: '最近使用',
+        expiresAt: '过期时间',
        actions: '操作'
      },
      clearRateLimit: '清除速率限制',
@@ -1286,11 +1287,16 @@ export default {
      errorCodeExists: '该错误码已被选中',
      interceptWarmupRequests: '拦截预热请求',
      interceptWarmupRequestsDesc: '启用后，标题生成等预热请求将返回 mock 响应，不消耗上游 token',
+      autoPauseOnExpired: '过期自动暂停调度',
+      autoPauseOnExpiredDesc: '启用后，账号过期将自动暂停调度',
+      expired: '已过期',
      proxy: '代理',
      noProxy: '无代理',
      concurrency: '并发数',
      priority: '优先级',
      priorityHint: '优先级越高的账号优先使用',
+      expiresAt: '过期时间',
+      expiresAtHint: '留空表示不过期',
      higherPriorityFirst: '数值越高优先级越高',
      mixedScheduling: '在 /v1/messages 中使用',
      mixedSchedulingHint: '启用后可参与 Anthropic/Gemini 分组的调度',
--- a/frontend/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/types/index.ts
@@ -401,6 +401,8 @@ export interface Account {
  status: 'active' | 'inactive' | 'error'
  error_message: string | null
  last_used_at: string | null
+  expires_at: number | null
+  auto_pause_on_expired: boolean
  created_at: string
  updated_at: string
  proxy?: Proxy
@@ -491,6 +493,8 @@ export interface CreateAccountRequest {
  concurrency?: number
  priority?: number
  group_ids?: number[]
+  expires_at?: number | null
+  auto_pause_on_expired?: boolean
  confirm_mixed_channel_risk?: boolean
 }

@@ -506,6 +510,8 @@ export interface UpdateAccountRequest {
  schedulable?: boolean
  status?: 'active' | 'inactive'
  group_ids?: number[]
+  expires_at?: number | null
+  auto_pause_on_expired?: boolean
  confirm_mixed_channel_risk?: boolean
 }

--- a/frontend/src/utils/format.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/format.ts
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ export function formatBytes(bytes: number, decimals: number = 2): string {
 * 格式化日期
 * @param date 日期字符串或 Date 对象
 * @param options Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions
+ * @param localeOverride 可选 locale 覆盖
 * @returns 格式化后的日期字符串
 */
 export function formatDate(
@@ -108,14 +109,15 @@ export function formatDate(
    minute: '2-digit',
    second: '2-digit',
    hour12: false
-  }
+  },
+  localeOverride?: string
 ): string {
  if (!date) return ''

  const d = new Date(date)
  if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return ''

-  const locale = getLocale()
+  const locale = localeOverride ?? getLocale()
  return new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale, options).format(d)
 }

@@ -135,10 +137,41 @@ export function formatDateOnly(date: string | Date | null | undefined): string {
 /**
 * 格式化日期时间（完整格式）
 * @param date 日期字符串或 Date 对象
+ * @param options Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions
+ * @param localeOverride 可选 locale 覆盖
 * @returns 格式化后的日期时间字符串
 */
-export function formatDateTime(date: string | Date | null | undefined): string {
-  return formatDate(date)
+export function formatDateTime(
+  date: string | Date | null | undefined,
+  options?: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions,
+  localeOverride?: string
+): string {
+  return formatDate(date, options, localeOverride)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 格式化为 datetime-local 控件值（YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm，使用本地时间）
+ */
+export function formatDateTimeLocalInput(timestampSeconds: number | null): string {
+  if (!timestampSeconds) return ''
+  const date = new Date(timestampSeconds * 1000)
+  if (isNaN(date.getTime())) return ''
+  const year = date.getFullYear()
+  const month = String(date.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0')
+  const day = String(date.getDate()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const hours = String(date.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const minutes = String(date.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return `${year}-${month}-${day}T${hours}:${minutes}`
+}
+
+/**
+ * 解析 datetime-local 控件值为时间戳（秒，使用本地时间）
+ */
+export function parseDateTimeLocalInput(value: string): number | null {
+  if (!value) return null
+  const date = new Date(value)
+  if (isNaN(date.getTime())) return null
+  return Math.floor(date.getTime() / 1000)
 }

 /**
--- a/frontend/src/views/admin/AccountsView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/admin/AccountsView.vue
@@ -70,6 +70,25 @@
          <template #cell-last_used_at="{ value }">
            <span class="text-sm text-gray-500 dark:text-dark-400">{{ formatRelativeTime(value) }}</span>
          </template>
+          <template #cell-expires_at="{ row, value }">
+            <div class="flex flex-col items-start gap-1">
+              <span class="text-sm text-gray-500 dark:text-dark-400">{{ formatExpiresAt(value) }}</span>
+              <div v-if="isExpired(value) || (row.auto_pause_on_expired && value)" class="flex items-center gap-1">
+                <span
+                  v-if="isExpired(value)"
+                  class="inline-flex items-center rounded-md bg-amber-100 px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium text-amber-700 dark:bg-amber-900/30 dark:text-amber-300"
+                >
+                  {{ t('admin.accounts.expired') }}
+                </span>
+                <span
+                  v-if="row.auto_pause_on_expired && value"
+                  class="inline-flex items-center rounded-md bg-emerald-100 px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium text-emerald-700 dark:bg-emerald-900/30 dark:text-emerald-300"
+                >
+                  {{ t('admin.accounts.autoPauseOnExpired') }}
+                </span>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </template>
          <template #cell-actions="{ row }">
            <div class="flex items-center gap-1">
              <button @click="handleEdit(row)" class="flex flex-col items-center gap-0.5 rounded-lg p-1.5 text-gray-500 transition-colors hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-primary-600 dark:hover:bg-dark-700 dark:hover:text-primary-400">
@@ -128,7 +147,7 @@ import AccountUsageCell from '@/components/account/AccountUsageCell.vue'
 import AccountTodayStatsCell from '@/components/account/AccountTodayStatsCell.vue'
 import GroupBadge from '@/components/common/GroupBadge.vue'
 import PlatformTypeBadge from '@/components/common/PlatformTypeBadge.vue'
-import { formatRelativeTime } from '@/utils/format'
+import { formatDateTime, formatRelativeTime } from '@/utils/format'
 import type { Account, Proxy, Group } from '@/types'

 const { t } = useI18n()
@@ -178,6 +197,7 @@ const cols = computed(() => {
    { key: 'usage', label: t('admin.accounts.columns.usageWindows'), sortable: false },
    { key: 'priority', label: t('admin.accounts.columns.priority'), sortable: true },
    { key: 'last_used_at', label: t('admin.accounts.columns.lastUsed'), sortable: true },
+    { key: 'expires_at', label: t('admin.accounts.columns.expiresAt'), sortable: true },
    { key: 'notes', label: t('admin.accounts.columns.notes'), sortable: false },
    { key: 'actions', label: t('admin.accounts.columns.actions'), sortable: false }
  )
@@ -204,6 +224,25 @@ const confirmDelete = async () => { if(!deletingAcc.value) return; try { await a
 const handleToggleSchedulable = async (a: Account) => { togglingSchedulable.value = a.id; try { await adminAPI.accounts.setSchedulable(a.id, !a.schedulable); load() } finally { togglingSchedulable.value = null } }
 const handleShowTempUnsched = (a: Account) => { tempUnschedAcc.value = a; showTempUnsched.value = true }
 const handleTempUnschedReset = async () => { if(!tempUnschedAcc.value) return; try { await adminAPI.accounts.clearError(tempUnschedAcc.value.id); showTempUnsched.value = false; tempUnschedAcc.value = null; load() } catch (error) { console.error('Failed to reset temp unscheduled:', error) } }
+const formatExpiresAt = (value: number | null) => {
+  if (!value) return '-'
+  return formatDateTime(
+    new Date(value * 1000),
+    {
+      year: 'numeric',
+      month: '2-digit',
+      day: '2-digit',
+      hour: '2-digit',
+      minute: '2-digit',
+      hour12: false
+    },
+    'sv-SE'
+  )
+}
+const isExpired = (value: number | null) => {
+  if (!value) return false
+  return value * 1000 <= Date.now()
+}

 onMounted(async () => { load(); try { const [p, g] = await Promise.all([adminAPI.proxies.getAll(), adminAPI.groups.getAll()]); proxies.value = p; groups.value = g } catch (error) { console.error('Failed to load proxies/groups:', error) } })
 </script>
--- a/frontend/vite.config.ts
+++ b/frontend/vite.config.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue'
 import checker from 'vite-plugin-checker'
 import { resolve } from 'path'

+
 export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    vue(),
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
  },
  server: {
    host: '0.0.0.0',
-    port: 3000,
+    port: Number(process.env.VITE_DEV_PORT || 3000),
    proxy: {
      '/api': {
        target: process.env.VITE_DEV_PROXY_TARGET || 'http://localhost:8080',