✨ style(Account UX): resilient binding layout, copyable popovers, pastel header, and custom pay colors

- AccountManagement.js
  - Prevent action button from shifting when account IDs are long by adding gap, min-w-0, and flex-shrink-0; keep buttons in a fixed position.
  - Add copyable Popover for account identifiers (email/GitHub/OIDC/Telegram/LinuxDO) using Typography.Paragraph with copyable; reveal full text on hover.
  - Ensure ellipsis works by rendering the popover trigger as `block max-w-full truncate`.
  - Import Popover and wire up `renderAccountInfo` across all binding rows.

- UserInfoHeader.js
  - Apply unified `with-pastel-balls` background to match PricingVendorIntro.
  - Remove legacy absolute-positioned circles and top gradient bar to avoid visual overlap.

- RechargeCard.jsx
  - Colorize non-Alipay/WeChat/Stripe payment icons using backend `pay_methods[].color`; fallback to `var(--semi-color-text-2)`.
  - Add `showClear` to the redemption code input for quicker clearing.

Notes:
- No linter errors introduced.
- i18n strings and behavior remain unchanged except for improved UX and visual consistency.

web/src/i18n/locales/en.json

@@ -853,13 +853,11 @@
   "支付宝": "Alipay",
   "待使用收益": "Proceeds to be used",
   "邀请人数": "Number of people invited",
-  "可随时划转到账户余额": "Can be transferred to the account balance at any time",
-  "成功邀请": "Successfully invited",
-  "累计获得": "Accumulated",
   "兑换码充值": "Redemption code recharge",
   "奖励说明": "Reward description",
   "人": "",
   "选择支付方式": "Select payment method",
+  "处理中": "Processing",
   "账户充值": "Account recharge",
   "多种充值方式，安全便捷": "Multiple recharge methods, safe and convenient",
   "支付方式": "Payment method",