yinghuoapi/backend/migrations

Database Migrations

Overview

This directory contains SQL migration files for database schema changes. The migration system uses SHA256 checksums to ensure migration immutability and consistency across environments.

Migration File Naming

Format: NNN_description.sql

• NNN: Sequential number (e.g., 001, 002, 003)
• description: Brief description in snake_case

Example: 017_add_gemini_tier_id.sql

Migration File Structure

-- +goose Up
-- +goose StatementBegin
-- Your forward migration SQL here
-- +goose StatementEnd

-- +goose Down
-- +goose StatementBegin
-- Your rollback migration SQL here
-- +goose StatementEnd

Important Rules

⚠️ Immutability Principle

Once a migration is applied to ANY environment (dev, staging, production), it MUST NOT be modified.

Why?

• Each migration has a SHA256 checksum stored in the schema_migrations table
• Modifying an applied migration causes checksum mismatch errors
• Different environments would have inconsistent database states
• Breaks audit trail and reproducibility

✅ Correct Workflow

1. Create new migration

   # Create new file with next sequential number
   touch migrations/018_your_change.sql
   

2. Write Up and Down migrations

   • Up: Apply the change
   • Down: Revert the change (should be symmetric with Up)

3. Test locally

   # Apply migration
   make migrate-up
   
   # Test rollback
   make migrate-down
   

4. Commit and deploy

   git add migrations/018_your_change.sql
   git commit -m "feat(db): add your change"
   

❌ What NOT to Do

• ❌ Modify an already-applied migration file
• ❌ Delete migration files
• ❌ Change migration file names
• ❌ Reorder migration numbers

🔧 If You Accidentally Modified an Applied Migration

Error message:

migration 017_add_gemini_tier_id.sql checksum mismatch (db=abc123... file=def456...)

Solution:

# 1. Find the original version
git log --oneline -- migrations/017_add_gemini_tier_id.sql

# 2. Revert to the commit when it was first applied
git checkout <commit-hash> -- migrations/017_add_gemini_tier_id.sql

# 3. Create a NEW migration for your changes
touch migrations/018_your_new_change.sql

Migration System Details

• Checksum Algorithm: SHA256 of trimmed file content
• Tracking Table: schema_migrations (filename, checksum, applied_at)
• Runner: internal/repository/migrations_runner.go
• Auto-run: Migrations run automatically on service startup

Best Practices

1. Keep migrations small and focused

   • One logical change per migration
   • Easier to review and rollback

2. Write reversible migrations

   • Always provide a working Down migration
   • Test rollback before committing

3. Use transactions

   • Wrap DDL statements in transactions when possible
   • Ensures atomicity

4. Add comments

   • Explain WHY the change is needed
   • Document any special considerations

5. Test in development first

   • Apply migration locally
   • Verify data integrity
   • Test rollback

Example Migration

-- +goose Up
-- +goose StatementBegin
-- Add tier_id field to Gemini OAuth accounts for quota tracking
UPDATE accounts
SET credentials = jsonb_set(
    credentials,
    '{tier_id}',
    '"LEGACY"',
    true
)
WHERE platform = 'gemini'
  AND type = 'oauth'
  AND credentials->>'tier_id' IS NULL;
-- +goose StatementEnd

-- +goose Down
-- +goose StatementBegin
-- Remove tier_id field
UPDATE accounts
SET credentials = credentials - 'tier_id'
WHERE platform = 'gemini'
  AND type = 'oauth'
  AND credentials->>'tier_id' = 'LEGACY';
-- +goose StatementEnd

Troubleshooting

Checksum Mismatch

See "If You Accidentally Modified an Applied Migration" above.

Migration Failed

# Check migration status
psql -d sub2api -c "SELECT * FROM schema_migrations ORDER BY applied_at DESC;"

# Manually rollback if needed (use with caution)
# Better to fix the migration and create a new one

Need to Skip a Migration (Emergency Only)

-- DANGEROUS: Only use in development or with extreme caution
INSERT INTO schema_migrations (filename, checksum, applied_at)
VALUES ('NNN_migration.sql', 'calculated_checksum', NOW());

References

• Migration runner: internal/repository/migrations_runner.go
• Goose syntax: https://github.com/pressly/goose
• PostgreSQL docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/